R缩放设置宽度和高度的PDF中的绘图元素

Question

Though R plots sent to a PDF can be rescaled at will in an illustration or page layout software, scientific journals often insist that the plots provided have specific dimensions.

Can the size of all plotting elements be scaled within a given PDF size directly in R?

require(ggplot2)

p <- qplot(data=iris,
           x=Petal.Width,
           y=Petal.Length,
           colour=Species)

pdf("./test_plot_default.pdf")
print(p)
graphics.off()

Produces adequate scaling of plot elements

However, changing PDF size elements does not cause the plot elements to scale. With smaller PDFs, the plotting elements are overly enlarged compared to the plotting space.

pdf("./test_plot_dimentionsions required by journal.pdf", width=3, height=3)
print(p)
graphics.off()

Using @Rosen Matev suggestion:

update_geom_default("point", list(size=1))
theme_set(theme_grey(base_size=6))
pdf("./test_plot_dimentionsions required by journal.pdf", width=3, height=3)
print(p)
graphics.off()

Answer 1

Journals insist on having specific plot dimensions in order to avoid scaling. If made, it can render the font size too small (or large) and inconsistent with the figure caption font size. That is why the plot elements (text, point size, etc.) by design have the same absolute size regardless of pdf size.

You can change the default font size and point size, for example, with:

p <- ggplot(iris, aes(x=Petal.Width, y=Petal.Length, colour=Species)) +
  geom_point(size=1.5) +  # default is 2
  theme_grey(base_size=10)  # default is 12
ggsave("test.1.pdf", p)

The defaults can be changed globally, too:

update_geom_defaults("point", list(size=1.5))
theme_set(theme_grey(base_size=10))

Answer 2

Oddly enough, you can do this with scale= in ggsave(...)

require(ggplot2)
p <- qplot(data=iris, x=Petal.Width, y=Petal.Length, colour=Species)
ggsave("test.1.pdf",p)
ggsave("test.2.pdf",p, width=3, height=3, units="in", scale=3)

Try playing with the scale parameter and see what you get...

Answer 3

Consider using width , height and pointsize in pdf() function.

If you like to stick with using pdf() instead of other ways like using sweave, then you would better use pdf function with more arguments, like bellow (I do not have ggplot2 installed, so simillar case is supplied).

# making scaled plot in pdf
# using paper=a4 just to see the efect

for (sc in c(0.5,0.75,1)) {
pdf(width=7*sc,height=7*sc,pointsize=12*sc,file=paste("scale",sc,".pdf",sep=""),paper="a4")
plot(sin((1:314)/100),main=paste("PDF sc",sc))
dev.off()  
}

It is quite usable, but works in some extent. Once the scale is too small, pdf will start to enforce linewidth, fontsize etc.

See the results in scale*.pdf created by example.

And for ggplot2 ...

sc <- c(0.5,0.75,1)
fi <- c("pic1.pdf","pic2.pdf","pic3.pdf")

require(ggplot2)
p <- qplot(data=iris,
x=Petal.Width,
y=Petal.Length,
colour=Species)

for (i in 1:3) {
pdf(width=7*sc[i],height=7*sc[i],pointsize=12*sc[i],file=fi[i])
print(p)
dev.off()  
}

Latex code to test the files how they look in one document:

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{report}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{graphics}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
     \includegraphics{pic1.pdf}
 \end{figure}

\begin{figure}
     \includegraphics{pic2.pdf}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
    \includegraphics{pic3.pdf}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Answer 4

An option equally good or better than pdf is tiff. All journals I have come across like tiff.

tiff(filename="name.tiff", width=5, height=5, units="in",
     pointsize=8, compression="lzw", bg="white", res=600,
     restoreConsole=TRUE)
qplot(data=iris, x=Petal.Width, y=Petal.Length, colour=Species)
dev.off()

If you are on linux, drop restoreConsole=TRUE , seems only windows likes that.