正则表达式替换文本

Question

I am very new to regular expressions. I am using UltraEdit, and would like to use regular expressions to make the changes described below.

I have some text in the following pattern:

<Music href="6000111.genre" title="AAA">
    <Music format="ditamap" href="000760.rock" title="222"/>
    <Music format="ditamap" href="000756.rock" title="333"/>
</Music>

I need to add prefix 'Z' in front of href with extension .rock .

href="000760.rock" --> href="Z000760.rock"

The output should look like this:

<Music href="6000111.genre" title="AAA">
    <Music format="ditamap" href="Z000760.rock" title="222"/>
    <Music format="ditamap" href="Z000756.rock" title="333"/>
</Music>

What would be the regular expression to do this in UltraEdit?

Answer 1

Re-wrote my answer to

1. Add new use-case OP added where some values have the X prefix and must not be replaced.
2. I was initially putting the double quote character in brackets when there was no need.

---

The first case I answered is where none of the HREF values already have the X prefix.

Find:

href="([^"]*)\.rock"

And replace:

href="X\1.rock"

Start:

<Music href="6000111.genre" title="AAA">
    <Music format="ditamap" href="000760.rock" title="222"/>
    <Music format="ditamap" href="000756.rock" title="333"/>
</Music>

Finish:

<Music href="6000111.genre" title="AAA">
    <Music format="ditamap" href="X000760.rock" title="222"/>
    <Music format="ditamap" href="X000756.rock" title="333"/>
</Music>

Screen shot showing this first result is below.

Breakdown of the regex:

1. Find: href="([^"]*)\\.rock"
   1. href=" - this finds href="
   2. ([^"]*) - this creates the first backreference - tells the engine to look for and remember everything between the brackets: [^"]* so that we can reference it in the replace part.
      1. [^"] - this part of the pattern says any character that is not a double quote.
      2. And the asterisk at the end of [^"]* is a repetition pattern that says look for zero or more characters that matches the thing just before it (so find zero or more characters that are not a double quote).
   3. \\.rock" this defines the rest of the pattern which must be .rock"
   4. Note that I have escaped the period character: \\. . That is because period has a special meaning in a regex and we are telling the regex that we mean a literal dot or period.
2. Replace: href="X\\1.rock"
   1. href="X - says to output literally href="X ..
   2. \\1 - says to replace \\1 with the first backreference we created (zero or more characters that are not a double quote).
   3. .rock" - says to output literally .rock" .
      1. Note that I didn't need to escape the period here, because it doesn't have the same meaning in replace - it just means the literal dot.

---

The second case is in response to OP's comment that some of the HREF values already have the X prefix. In this case, change the regex as below.

Find:

href="([^X][^"]*)\.rock"

And replace:

href="X\1.rock"

Start:

<Music href="6000111.genre" title="AAA">
    <Music format="ditamap" href="000760.rock" title="222"/>
    <Music format="ditamap" href="X000756.rock" title="333"/>
    <Music format="ditamap" href="000757.rock" title="444"/>
    <Music format="ditamap" href="X000758.rock" title="555"/>
    <Music format="ditamap" href="000759.rock" title="666"/>
</Music>

Finish:

<Music href="6000111.genre" title="AAA">
    <Music format="ditamap" href="X000760.rock" title="222"/>
    <Music format="ditamap" href="X000756.rock" title="333"/>
    <Music format="ditamap" href="X000757.rock" title="444"/>
    <Music format="ditamap" href="X000758.rock" title="555"/>
    <Music format="ditamap" href="X000759.rock" title="666"/>
</Music>

Screen shot showing this second result is below.

Breakdown of the regex:

1. Find: href="([^X][^"]*)\\.rock"
   1. href=" - this finds href="
   2. ([^X][^"]*) - this creates the first backreference - tells the engine to look for and remember everything between the brackets: ([^X][^"]*)* so that we can reference it in the replace part.
      1. [^X]* - this part of the pattern says any character that is not an X.
      2. [^"] - this part of the pattern says any character that is not a double quote.
      3. And the asterisk at the end of [^"]* is a repetition pattern that says look for zero or more characters that matches the thing just before it (so find zero or more characters that are not a double quote).
   3. \\.rock" this defines the rest of the pattern which must be .rock"
   4. Note that I have escaped the period character: \\. . That is because period has a special meaning in a regex and we are telling the regex that we mean a literal dot or period.
2. Replace: href="X\\1.rock"
   1. href="X - says to output literally href="X ..
   2. \\1 - says to replace \\1 with the first backreference we created (zero or more characters that are not a double quote).
   3. .rock" - says to output literally .rock" .
      1. Note that I didn't need to escape the period here, because it doesn't have the same meaning in replace - it just means the literal dot.

Answer 2

I'm not sure for Ultraedit, but I assume it's close to notepad++:

Find what: (href=")(.+?\\.rock")
Replace with: $1X$2

X or Z as it's not clear in your question.