如何确定要使用哪个抽象类的实现？

Question

What would be the best way to determine which implementation of an abstract class to call based on a certain variable or defining feature?

Code Example:

public abstract class FileProcesser
{
    private string _filePath;

    protected FileProcessor(string filePath)
    {
        if (filePath == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("filePath");
        }

        // etc etc

        _filePath = filePath;
    }

    // some example methods for this file
    public abstract int GetFileDataCount();
    public abstract IEnumerable<FileItem> GetFileDataItems();
}

// specific implementation for say, a PDF type of file
public class PdfFileProcesser : FileProcessor
{
    public PdfFileProcessor(string filePath) : base(filePath) {}

    // implemented methods
}

// specific implementation for a type HTML file
public class HtmlFileProcessor : FileProcessor
{
    public HtmlFileProcessor(string filePath) : base(filePath) {}

    // implemented methods 
}

public class ProcessMyStuff()
{
    public void RunMe()
    {
        // the code retrieves the file (example dummy code for concept)
        List<string> myFiles = GetFilePaths();

        foreach (var file in myFiles)
        {
            if (Path.GetExtension(file) == ".pdf")
            {
                FileProcessor proc = new PdfFileProcessor(file);
                // do stuff
            }
            else if (Path.GetExtension(file) == ".html")
            {
                FileProcessor proc = new HtmlFileProcessor(file);
                // do stuff
            }
            // and so on for any types of files I may have
            else 
            { 
                // error
            }
        }
    }
}

I feel as though there is a "smarter" way to do this with the use of better OO concepts. The code I wrote up is an example to demonstrate what I am trying to understand, sorry if there are simple errors but the basic idea is there. I know this is a specific example, but I think this applies to many other types of problems too.

Answer 1

I would recommend using a factory to retrieve your processor:

    foreach (var file in myFiles)
    {
        string extension = Path.GetExtension(file);
        IFileProcessor proc = FileProcessorFactory.Create(extension);
        // do stuff
    }

Then your factory is something like:

public static class FileProcessorFactory 
{
    public static IFileProcessor Create(string extension) {
        switch (extension) {
            case "pdf":
                return new PdfFileProcessor();
            case "html":
                return new HtmlFileProcessor();
            // etc...
        }
    }
}

Note that we are using an interface, which your abstract class would inherit from. This allows any of your inheriting types to be returned.