Laravel单元测试：运行多个测试方法时重新定义错误

Question

I am trying to run a group of unit tests after reading an example here which require an active database connection. It seems to work for one unit test, but it will fail with multiple tests due to redefinition of a constant contained in a Laravel Command class. Here are the errors I receive after running PHP Unit:

PHPUnit 3.7.31 by Sebastian Bergmann.

FEE

Time: 203 ms, Memory: 5.00Mb

There were 2 errors:

1) MessageControllerTest::testSixMonths
ErrorException: Constant SHARE_SEND_EXPIRATION already defined

src/app/commands/DeleteExpiredSends.php:31
src/app/start/artisan.php:14
src/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Console/start.php:57
src/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Console/Application.php:30
src/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Artisan.php:70
src/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Artisan.php:45
src/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:206
src/app/tests/MessageControllerTest.php:46
src/app/tests/MessageControllerTest.php:46
src/app/tests/MessageControllerTest.php:21

2) MessageControllerTest::testOneYear
ErrorException: Constant SHARE_SEND_EXPIRATION already defined

src/app/commands/DeleteExpiredSends.php:31
src/app/start/artisan.php:14
src/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Console/start.php:57
src/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Console/Application.php:30
src/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Artisan.php:70
src/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Artisan.php:45
src/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:206
src/app/tests/MessageControllerTest.php:46
src/app/tests/MessageControllerTest.php:46
src/app/tests/MessageControllerTest.php:21

FAILURES!
Tests: 3, Assertions: 1, Errors: 2.

And here is my unit test:

<?php

class MessageControllerTest extends TestCase
{
    /**
     * setUp() : set up the unit tests by initializing the database
     */
    public function setUp()
    {
        // call the parent's setup method
        parent::setUp();

        // init the DB
        $this->migrateDatabase();
    }

    /**
     * createApplication() : bootstrap the app in order to execute
     * tests
     *
     * @return Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernelInterface  
     */
    public function createApplication()
    {
        // set the unitTesting flag to true
        $unitTesting = true;

        // set the environment variable to 'testing'
        $testEnvironment = 'testing';

        return require __DIR__.'/../../bootstrap/start.php';
    }

    /**
     * migrateDatabase() : load the sqlite database into memory
     */
    private function migrateDatabase()
    {
        Artisan::call('migrate');
    }

    /**
     * testHundredFilesMessage() : tests to see if custom message will
     * return after 100 messages have been sent by the same user
     */
    public function testHundredFilesMessage()
    {
        // TODO
        $this->assertTrue(false);
    }

    /**
     * testSixMonthMessage() : test the six months message
     */
    public function testSixMonthMessage()
    {
        // TODO
        $this->assertTrue(false);
    }

    /**
     * testOneYearMessage() : test the one-year message
     */
    public function testOneYearMessage()
    {
        // TODO
        $this->assertTrue(false);
    }
}

The first test seems to pass, but all subsequent tests throw errors. I am guessing that somehow the createApplication() method gets called several times which might explain why the Command class DeleteExpiredSends gets redefined; the class shows a define statement in its constructor:

/**
 * Create a new command instance.
 *
 * @return void
 */
public function __construct()
{
    parent::__construct();
    define("SHARE_SEND_EXPIRATION", 14);
}

If anyone could tell me how to avoid redefinition for this unit test, so as to avoid modifying the internals of the Command class, it would be most helpful. It only seems to be an issue where this unit test is concerned.

Answer 1

For each test method add two annotations for phpunit, like this:

/* @runInSeparateProcess
 * @preserveGlobalState disabled
 */
public function testPageShow()
{

• runInSeparateProcess : run each test in a separate process
• preserveGlobalState disabled : disable global state from previous test

Answer 2

I think for temporary solution while you are still not sure on where to put those global constants you have, make use of defined instead.

defined('SAMPLE_GLOBAL_CONSTANT')
  or define('SAMPLE_GLOBAL_CONSTANT', 'sample value of the constant')

And by the way, in case you also run on redefinition exception for a global function you can also use of function_exists method.

But be sure to make use of Class instead to hold that global functions so you can easily test your application. Like put it on something like Helper or much more specific like StringHelper .

Answer 3

使用SenseException的解决方案来删除所有的define语句（事实证明在整个应用程序中只使用了两个），而使用类常量确实解决了这个问题。