类似 rdfs:range 的属性，但具有暗示性而非排他性

Question

I'm authoring a vocab currently and would like to suggest a range for a property to give users as hint what resources they could use. I currently specify an rdfs:range for the property but this is too restrictive.

Answer 1

The vocabulary Schema.org defines/uses the property schema:rangeIncludes :

Relates a property to a class that constitutes (one of) the expected type(s) for values of the property.

This property merely gives a hint to authors and consumers; it doesn't apply rdfs:range :

schema:rangeIncludes a rdf:Property ;
    rdfs:label "rangeIncludes" ;
    rdfs:comment "Relates a property to a class that constitutes (one of) the expected type(s) for values of the property." ;
    schema:domainIncludes schema:Property ;
    schema:isPartOf <https://meta.schema.org> ;
    schema:rangeIncludes schema:Class .

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FWIW, Schema.org adds this disclaimer to their meta terms :

They are not currently advocated for widespread use across the web.

Answer 2

rdfs:range restricts nothing. Just because you've stated that some property P has a range V does not mean when you assert data :a :P :b that b has to be of type V . It can, in fact, be anything .

If you hook a reasoner up, in the aforementioned case, it will tell you that b is a V due to the range assertion, but it will not complain that you've done anything wrong or violated any condition.