将多个不兼容的静态库版本链接到一个可执行文件中

Question

I am presently developing for a system which discourages (ie essentially forbids) dynamic libraries. Therefore, everything has to be linked statically.

The application framework I am using (which cannot be changed) is using an old, statically-linked version of a library libfoo.a (version r7). A library I am using, libbar , needs libfoo.a version r8 (specifically, some of the new features are crucial for the library to function). I can edit and recompile libbar as well as libfoo r8, but I want to avoid changing them as much as possible because I am not very familiar with the code (and would have to pass code changes upstream).

Unfortunately, the two libfoo libraries have a substantial number of symbols in common. So, the linker spits out a ton of "multiple symbol definition" errors.

I've heard it's possible to use objcopy and friends to "inline" a static library into another. However, I'm not really sure how to achieve this in practice, nor if it's even the best option.

So, how can I successfully compile an executable which uses two, incompatible versions of the same library? I've already considered avoiding this situation but it will be much harder to work with.

Answer 1

It turns out that this is actually possible with some ld and objcopy magic.

Basically, the procedure looks like this:

# Unpack libraries
ar x libbar.a
ar x libfoo.a
# Grab symbol table (symbols to export)
nm -Ag libbar.a | grep -v ' U ' | cut -d' ' -f 3 > libbar.sym
# Build a single object file with libfoo relocated in
ld -Er *.o -o libbar-merged.lo
# Localize all symbols except for libbar's symbols
objcopy --keep-global-symbols libbar.sym libbar-merged.lo libbar-merged.o
# Create an archive to hold the merged library
ar crs libbar-merged.a libbar-merged.o

This effectively creates a single super-library which exports only the symbols from the original libbar , and which has the other library relocated in.

There's probably another, cleaner way to achieve this result, but this method works for me and allows me to statically link two incompatible libraries into the same executable, with no apparent ill effects.