如何在c ++中使用system()命令获取进程的pid

Question

When we use system() command, program wait until it complete but I am executing a process using system() and using load balance server due to which program comes to next line just after executing system command. Please note that that process may not be complete.

system("./my_script");

// after this I want to see whether it is complete or not using its pid.
// But how do i Know PID?
IsScriptExecutionComplete();

Answer 1

Simple answer: you can't.

The purpose of system() is to block when command is being executed.

But you can 'cheat' like this:

pid_t system2(const char * command, int * infp, int * outfp)
{
    int p_stdin[2];
    int p_stdout[2];
    pid_t pid;

    if (pipe(p_stdin) == -1)
        return -1;

    if (pipe(p_stdout) == -1) {
        close(p_stdin[0]);
        close(p_stdin[1]);
        return -1;
    }

    pid = fork();

    if (pid < 0) {
        close(p_stdin[0]);
        close(p_stdin[1]);
        close(p_stdout[0]);
        close(p_stdout[1]);
        return pid;
    } else if (pid == 0) {
        close(p_stdin[1]);
        dup2(p_stdin[0], 0);
        close(p_stdout[0]);
        dup2(p_stdout[1], 1);
        dup2(::open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY), 2);
        /// Close all other descriptors for the safety sake.
        for (int i = 3; i < 4096; ++i)
            ::close(i);

        setsid();
        execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", command, NULL);
        _exit(1);
    }

    close(p_stdin[0]);
    close(p_stdout[1]);

    if (infp == NULL) {
        close(p_stdin[1]);
    } else {
        *infp = p_stdin[1];
    }

    if (outfp == NULL) {
        close(p_stdout[0]);
    } else {
        *outfp = p_stdout[0];
    }

    return pid;
}

Here you can have not only PID of the process, but also it's STDIN and STDOUT . Have fun!

Answer 2

Not an expert on this myself, but if you look at the man page for system :

system() executes a command specified in command by calling /bin/sh -c command, and returns after the command has been completed

You can go into the background within the command/script you're executing (and return immediately), but I don't think there's a specific provision in system for that case.

Ideas I can think of are:

1. Your command might return the pid through the return code.
2. Your code might want to look up the name of the command in the active processes (eg /proc APIs in unix-like environments).
3. You might want to launch the command yourself (instead of through a SHELL) using fork / exec

Answer 3

You can check exit status of your command by following code :

int ret = system("./my_script");

if (WIFEXITED(ret) && !WEXITSTATUS(ret))
{
    printf("Completed successfully\n"); ///successful 
}
else
{
    printf("execution failed\n"); //error
}

Answer 4

As the other answers said, std::system blocks until complete anyway. However, if you want to run the child process async and you are ok with boost you can use boost.process ( ref ):

#include <boost/process.hpp>

namespace bp = boost::process;

bp::child c(bp::search_path("echo"), "hello world");

std::cout << c.id() << std::endl;
// ... do something with ID ...

c.wait();