Windows Batch：从FOR循环中访问变量

Question

Im trying to do this rather elementary thing in a DOS batch:

@echo off
set _sets=^
RO:111:Rondonia,^
AC:112:Acre,^
AM:113:Amazonas,^
RR:114:Roraima
set _family_name=MyFamily
FOR %%i IN (%_sets%) DO (
    echo %%i ----- %_family_name%
)

Output:

RO:111:Rondonia -----
AC:112:Acre -----
AM:113:Amazonas -----
RR:114:Roraima -----

After the ----- is supposed to appear "MyFamily", but instead nothing appears.

How do I access variables set outside a FOR loop from within it? I have no idea why the _family_name variable is not visible inside the for loop. I'm somewhat new to batch scripts. I'm used to C++ and Java programming, thus most likely my thinking does not apply to the batch realm.

I also need to split the string triplets "AA:NNN:AAAAAA" into three individual variables. I tried to come up with a nested for loop, but I couldn't tackle this problem.

The example was made simple for clarity. The actual Batch is more complex than that. I have to access 10-12 variables from within the loop. So please consider this aspect before answering. Thanks in advance.

Answer 1

If _family_name is actually being set within another (outer) loop, you'll need to enable delayed expansion with something like this:

@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion

for ...
  set foo=bar
  for ...
    echo !foo!
  )
)

Note that you access the variable with !exclamations! instead of %percents% there.

Answer 2

See if this helps you:

FOR /f %%a "tokens=1-4 delims=," IN ("%_sets%") DO (
    echo %%a ----- %_family_name%
    echo %%b ----- %_family_name%
    echo %%c ----- %_family_name%
    echo %%d ----- %_family_name%
)