使用带有替换功能的正则表达式进行替换

Question

In objective-c (for ios) I want to achieve the same as I can in AS3:

var test:String = "Abba";
var reg:RegExp = /(a)|(b)/g;

var replacement:Function = function (...args):String
{
    var $1:String = args[1];//matched 'a'
    var $2:String = args[2];//matched 'b'
    if($1)
    {
        //replace a with -
        return "-";
    }
    if ($2)
    {
        //replace b with +
        return "+";
    }
    return null;
}

var result:String = test.replace(reg, replacement);//A++-
trace(test, result);//Abba A++-

In other words I would like to have ability to identify which capturing group was matched and replace it accordingly, I'm looking for examples on enumerateMatchesInString: but can't find anything that can solve my problem.

Answer 1

enumerateMatchesInString: calls a block with an NSTextCheckingResult for each match, and rangeAtIndex:idx gives the range of a captured subgroup:

NSString *string = @"Abba";
NSString *pattern = @"(a)|(b)";
NSRegularExpression *regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:pattern
                                       options:0
                                     error:NULL];

NSMutableString *newString = [string mutableCopy];
[regex enumerateMatchesInString:string options:0 range:NSMakeRange(0, [string length])
             usingBlock:^(NSTextCheckingResult *result, NSMatchingFlags flags, BOOL *stop) {
                 NSRange r1 = [result rangeAtIndex:1];
                 if (r1.location != NSNotFound) {
                     [newString replaceCharactersInRange:r1 withString:@"-"];
                 }
                 NSRange r2 = [result rangeAtIndex:2];
                 if (r2.location != NSNotFound) {
                     [newString replaceCharactersInRange:r2 withString:@"+"];
                 }
             }];
NSLog(@"%@", newString);
// Output: A++-

If the replacement strings have not the same length as the original strings, then it gets slightly more complicated, because you have to keep track of the length changes in the resulting string:

NSMutableString *newString = [string mutableCopy];
__block int offset = 0;
[regex enumerateMatchesInString:string options:0 range:NSMakeRange(0, [string length])
             usingBlock:^(NSTextCheckingResult *result, NSMatchingFlags flags, BOOL *stop) {
                 NSRange r1 = [result rangeAtIndex:1];
                 if (r1.location != NSNotFound) {
                     r1.location += offset;
                     NSString *repl = @"---";
                     [newString replaceCharactersInRange:r1 withString:repl];
                     offset += [repl length] - r1.length;
                 }
                 NSRange r2 = [result rangeAtIndex:2];
                 if (r2.location != NSNotFound) {
                     r2.location += offset;
                     NSString *repl = @"++";
                     [newString replaceCharactersInRange:r2 withString:repl];
                     offset += [repl length] - r2.length;
                 }
             }];
NSLog(@"%@", newString);
// Output: A++++---