链表和模式python

Question

Trying to write a function that will iterate over the linked list, sum up all of the odd numbers and then display the sum. Here is what I have so far:

def main():
   array = eval(input("Give me an array of numbers: "))
   ArrayToList(array)
   print(array[0])
   print(array[1])
   print(array[2])
   print(array[3])
   print(sumOdds(array))


def isOdd(x):
    return x % 2 != 0

def sumOdds(array):
    if (array == None):
        return 0
    elif (isOdd(head(array))):
        return head(array) + sumOdds(tail(array))
    else:
        return sumOdds(tail(array))
main()

I can't get it to actually print the sum though. Can anybody help me out with that?

Here is the output of the program when I run it:

$ python3 1.py
Give me an array of numbers: [11, 5, 3, 51]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "1.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "1.py", line 10, in main
    print(sumOdds(array))
  File "1.py", line 19, in sumOdds
    return head(array) + sumOdds(tail(array))
  File "1.py", line 18, in sumOdds
    elif (isOdd(head(array))):
  File "/Users/~/cs150/practice3/friday/List.py", line 34, in head
    return NodeValue(items)
  File "/Users/~/cs150/practice3/friday/List.py", line 12, in NodeValue
    def NodeValue(n): return n[0]
  TypeError: 'int' object is not subscriptable

Answer 1

I'd suggest NOT using eval, for starters.

If you just want input from the console just go for raw_input and prompt the user to enter commas or some other delimiting character.

number_string = raw_input("Give me a string of numbers separated by commas, plz.")

Once you have this you can use list comprehension to glean the actual list from the data. int() is pretty good about ignoring whitespace. Maybe this is what your ArrayToList() does, but this works as well.

number_list = [int(x) for x in number_string.split(",")]

Also, if you want to simply iterate over the list and print the received values, might I suggest a for loop instead of just hard-coding the first four items?

for num in number_list:
    print num

Additionally, the if (array == None) is a bit less pythonic than if not array: , and really the sum() function is smart enough to just return 0 if the list has no length anyway.

def sum_the_odds(yourlist):
    return sum([x for x in yourlist if x % 2 == 1])

So to put it in context:

def sum_the_odds(yourlist):
    return sum([x for x in yourlist if x % 2 == 1])

def main():
    number_string = raw_input("Give me a string of numbers separated by commas, plz.")
    number_list = [int(x) for x in number_string.split(",")]
    for num in number_list:
        print num
    print sum_the_odds(number_list)

Answer 2

Your line ArrayToList(array) is suspicious. Because I don't know what it is suppose to do. I suspect it is suppose to convert your python list into a customly defined version of a list. If this is the case, I'm guessing it has a return value. So try changing your main function to do this:

def main():
    user_input = eval(input("Give me an array of numbers: "))
    custom_list = ArrayToList(user_input) # convert user input to a custom list.
    print(sumOdds(custom_list))

You could see if that works for you.

The actual problem you are having is with the tail() function (or your understanding of what tail is suppose to return). As it is, tail is returning an int and you are expecting it to return a list. If you didn't write the tail function, try using just the tail function and observe its output to gain a good understanding of how it should be used. I suggest just running this code and seeing what it does:

def main():
    print(tail([1, 2, 3, 4])) # Your code assumes tail returns [2, 3, 4]

Answer 3

I would just implement a filter/reduce function from within the list and just pass a function into the filter_reduce(func) function to accumulate the sum of the filtered items.

You can check out the live demo here: Python Fiddle

def calc_product(a, b):
    return a * b

def calc_summation(a, b):
    return a + b

def is_odd(x):
    return x % 2 != 0   

l = linked_list()
l.insert_end(1)
l.insert_end(2)
l.insert_end(3)
l.insert_end(5)
l.insert_beginning(0)
l.insert_after(4, 3)

print 'List:', l
print 'Size:', l.size()

# Calculates the sum of all odd values in the list:
print 'Summation:', l.filter_reduce(calc_summation, is_odd)

# Calculates the product of all values with the accumulator
# initialized at 10.
print 'Product:', l.filter_reduce(calc_product, lambda x: True, 10)

Output

List: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Size: 6
Summation: 9
Product: 1200

linked_list.py

class linked_list():
    class node():
        def __init__(self, data=None):
            self.data = data
            self.next = None

        def __str__(self):
            return str(data)

    class list_iterator():
        def __init__(self, current_node=None):
            self.current_node = current_node

        def hasNext(self):
            return self.current_node.next is not None

        def next(self):
            if not self.hasNext():
                return None
            self.current_node = self.current_node.next;
            return self.current_node.data;

    def __init__(self):
        self.head = None
        self._size = 0

    def iterator(self):
        return self.list_iterator(self.head)

    def is_empty(self):
        return self.head is None

    def size(self):
        return self._size

    def insert_after(self, data, index):
        new_node = self.node(data)
        curr_node = self.head
        i = 0
        while curr_node is not None and i < index:
            curr_node = curr_node.next
            i += 1
        new_node.next = curr_node.next
        curr_node.next = new_node
        self._size += 1

    def insert_beginning(self, data):
        new_node = self.node(data)
        if self.is_empty():
            self.head = new_node
        else:
            new_node.next = self.head
            self.head = new_node
        self._size += 1

    def insert_end(self, data):
        new_node = self.node(data)
        if self.is_empty():
            self.head = new_node
        else:
            curr_node = self.head
            while curr_node.next is not None:
                curr_node = curr_node.next
            curr_node.next = new_node
        self._size += 1

    def filter_reduce(self, reduce_func, filter_func=None, initializer=None):
        it = self.iterator()
        if initializer is None:
            try:
                initializer = it.next()
            except StopIteration:
                raise TypeError('reduce() of empty sequence with no initial value')
        accum_value = initializer
        while it.hasNext():
            data = it.next()
            if filter_func is None or filter_func(data):
                accum_value = reduce_func(accum_value, data)
        return accum_value

    def __str__(self):
        s, it = '', self.iterator()
        while it.hasNext():
            s += str(it.next())
            if it.hasNext():
                s += ', '
        return s