读取文件时创建Python字典

Question

I have a list derived from a text file (filename) with an header

mylist = [l.split() for l in open(filename, "r")]

mylist = [['A','B','C','D'],['1','2','3','4'],['10','20','30','40'],['100','200','300','400']]

i wish to create a dictionary directly reading the file in order to save lines of code as:

mtlist_dist = {A: ['1','10','100'], B: [''2,'20','200'], C: ['3','30','300'], D: ['4','40','400']}

Answer 1

You can do this easily with zip and a dictionary comprehension :

>>> mylist = [['A','B','C','D'],['1','2','3','4'],['10','20','30','40'],['100','200','300','400']]
>>> {x[0]:x[1:] for x in zip(*mylist)}
{'A': ('1', '10', '100'), 'C': ('3', '30', '300'), 'B': ('2', '20', '200'), 'D': ('4', '40', '400')}
>>> {x[0]:list(x[1:]) for x in zip(*mylist)}
{'A': ['1', '10', '100'], 'C': ['3', '30', '300'], 'B': ['2', '20', '200'], 'D': ['4', '40', '400']}
>>>

In Python 3.x, the solution becomes even more concise with extended iterable unpacking :

>>> mylist = [['A','B','C','D'],['1','2','3','4'],['10','20','30','40'],['100','200','300','400']]
>>> {x:y for x,*y in zip(*mylist)}
{'D': ['4', '40', '400'], 'A': ['1', '10', '100'], 'C': ['3', '30', '300'], 'B': ['2', '20', '200']}
>>>

Answer 2

You can do it as:

my_dict = dict(zip(mylist[0], zip(*mylist[1:])))

>>> print my_dict
{'A': ('1', '10', '100'), 'C': ('3', '30', '300'), 'B': ('2', '20', '200'), 'D': ('4', '40', '400')