Javascript 创建对 object 属性的引用？

Question

I understand that in javascript, primitives are passed by value and objects are passed by reference .

I'm interested in creating a workaround of some kind that would let me get a reference to an object property containing a primitive. For example, what I wish would work is:

var someObject = {a: 1, b: 2};
var myRef = someObject.b;
myRef ++;
someObject.b #=> 3

Of course, this doesn't work. I'm aware that you could create a getter and setter function instead, or use one object to reference another object, but what I'd really like is some kind of workaround that allowed me to define a variable as a reference to the property of another object, and so far it seems this just can't be done.

So, my question is simply: is this even possible, and if so, how?

Answer 1

Primitive types are immutable, so no, it's not possible. You can wrap your primitive type with an object, like this:

function MyNumber(n) { this.n = n; }
MyNumber.prototype.valueOf = function() { return this.n; }
var someObject = { a: 1, b: new MyNumber(2) };
var myRef = someObject.b;
MyNumber.call(myRef, myRef + 1);
console.log(+someObject.b); // convert to number with +

OR

var someObject = {
    a: { value: 1 },
    b: { value: 2 },
};
var myRef = someObject.b;
my_inc(myRef); // function my_inc (obj) { obj.value++; }
// someObject.b.value == 3

The React framework uses a very simple pattern to encapsulate values.

function Link(value, requestChange)
{
    this.value = value;
    this.requestChange = requestChange;
}

You can pass around the object, the current value can be accessed by inspecting the value property of the object, if you want to change it you can call requestChange with a new value, you can change the value. The advantage would be to have the actual "storage location" and the logic for changing the value decoupled from the value read and write access. Note that the values can also be complex objects.

You could also achieve something similar with closures:

var someObject = {
    a: 1,
    b: 2
};

function property(object, prop) {
    return {
        get value () {
            return object[prop]
        },
        set value (val) {
            object[prop] = val;
        }
    };
}

var ref = property(someObject, "b");
ref.value; // 2
++ref.value; // 3
someObject.b; // 3

This works because the getter and setter functions have access to whatever bindings were in scope at the time of their creation ( object and prop ). You can now pass ref around, store it in a data structure, etc.

Answer 2

No, there isn't a nice way to do it.

You can use a work-around if you want to. Something like wrapping all your primary data types with single element arrays:

var someObject = {a: [1], b: [2]};
var myRef = someObject.b;
myRef[0]++;
someObject.b[0]; // 3

That's less than ideal though, as you have to use [0] to access the property all the time. There are some cases where it can be useful though, and the default toString of a single element array is just the toString of its element, so you can use the property directly in a string context:

console.log('My value: ' + someObject.b); // 'My value: 3'

Answer 3

if you want to "link" or "synchronize" two properties, each of a different object, you could do it like this:

var someObject = {
    a: 1,
    b: 2
};
var linkedObject = {
    a:1, 
    b:2
}
function property(object, prop) {
    return {
        get value () {
            return object[prop]
        },
        set value (val) {
            object[prop] = val;
        }
    };
}
var s_prop = 'b'
var o_ref = property(someObject, s_prop);
var tmp = linkedObject[s_prop]; 

Object.defineProperty(
    linkedObject,
    s_prop,
    {

        set: function(value) {
            o_ref.value = value;
        },
        get: function() {
            return o_ref.value
        }
    }
);
linkedObject[s_prop] = tmp 

someObject.b = 333 /// linkedObject.b is also 333 now
console.log(someObject.b) //  333 
console.log(linkedObject.b)// 333

linkedObject.b = {"test": 2}
console.log(someObject.b) //  {test:2}
console.log(linkedObject.b)// {test:2}

someObject.b.test = 3 
console.log(someObject.b) // {test:3}
console.log(linkedObject.b)//{test:3}

Answer 4

I don't know how satisfying this is, but you could do it if you were ok with wrapping the desired object in an object like so:

var a = {a:{a:1},b:2};
var b = a.a;
b.a++;
a.a.a //=> 2

It isn't exactly what you asked for, but it would work.