如何在 Java 枚举中定义静态常量？

Question

Is there any way to define static final variables (effectively constants) in a Java enum declaration?

What I want is to define in one place the string literal value for the BAR(1...n) values:

@RequiredArgsConstructor
public enum MyEnum {
    BAR1(BAR_VALUE),
    FOO("Foo"),
    BAR2(BAR_VALUE),
    ...,
    BARn(BAR_VALUE);

    private static final String BAR_VALUE = "Bar";

    @Getter
    private final String value;
}

I got the following error message for the code above: Cannot reference a field before it is defined .

Answer 1

As IntelliJ IDEA suggest when extracting constant - make static nested class. This approach works:

@RequiredArgsConstructor
public enum MyEnum {
    BAR1(Constants.BAR_VALUE),
    FOO("Foo"),
    BAR2(Constants.BAR_VALUE),
    ...,
    BARn(Constants.BAR_VALUE);



    @Getter
    private final String value;

    private static class Constants {
        public static final String BAR_VALUE = "BAR";
    }
}

Answer 2

public enum MyEnum {
    BAR1(MyEnum.BAR_VALUE);

    public static final String BAR_VALUE = "Bar";

works fine

Answer 3

public enum MyEnum {
//  BAR1(       foo),   // error: illegal forward reference
//  BAR2(MyEnum.foo2),  // error: illegal forward reference
    BAR3(MyEnum.foo);   // no error

  public static final int foo =0;
  public static       int foo2=0;
  MyEnum(int i) {}

  public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("ok");}
}

This can be done without an inner class for the constant.

Answer 4

Maybe you should considering breaking this enum into two fields: an enum and an int:

@RequiredArgsConstructor
public enum MyEnum {
    BAR("Bar"),
    FOO("Foo")

    @Getter
    private final String value;
}

And then use:

private MyEnum type;
private int value;

(You can put that into a class or not, whether it makes sense to you)