调用抽象类的构造函数

Question

Say I have the following class structure:

public class A{
    A(int a){
        ...
    }
}

abstract class B extends A{

}

public class C extends B{
    C(int a){
        super(a);
    }
}

This code isn't valid in the sense that myMethod will not call A's constructor. Is there a way to do this?

What I ultimately want to do, is add functionality to a set of classes without affecting their functionality. All these classes currently extend a common class (runtimeException), so I was thinking of adding an intermediary abstract class.

(edit: the code in C shouldn't be a method, it was meant to be a constructor)

Answer 1

You will not be able to declare class B like you wrote. To create an instance of B you'll need to call A constructor:

public abstract class B extends A {
    public B() {
        super(10); //or other number
    }
}

public class C extends B {
    public C(int a) {
        super();
    }
}

In other words, you always call constructor of "previous level", whether the class is abstract or not.

In order to avoid this strange number 10 I wrote and missing int parameter of C constructor, I suggest adding to child class constructor at least all parameters parent class constructor requires for any extends pair of classes.

Answer 2

What I've seen commonly is a pattern like this:

public class A{
    A(int a){
        ...
    }
}

abstract class B extends A{
    B(int a) {// "proxy" constructor"
        super(a);
    }
}

public class C extends B{
    C(int a) {
         super(a);
    }

    void myMethod(int a){
        // super(a); <- note this is invalid code, you can only call this from the constructor
        new C(0); // <-- this is valid
    }
}

Granted, it's a bit verbose and boilerplate-y, but it allows you to avoid duplicating any functionality