Ninject.ActivationException：激活IMainLicense时出错

Question

I don't know fully how Ninject works that's why I'am asking this question here to figure out what's wrong.

If i create a empty constructor in ClaimsSecurityService it gets hit.

This is my error:

Error activating IMainLicense No matching bindings are available, and the type is not self-bindable. Activation path:

3) Injection of dependency IMainLicense into parameter mainLicenses of constructor of type ClaimsSecurityService

2) Injection of dependency ISecurityService into parameter securityService of constructor of type AccountController

1) Request for AccountController

Stack:

Ninject.KernelBase.Resolve(IRequest request) +474
   Ninject.Planning.Targets.Target`1.GetValue(Type service, IContext parent) +153
   Ninject.Planning.Targets.Target`1.ResolveWithin(IContext parent) +747
   Ninject.Activation.Providers.StandardProvider.GetValue(IContext context, ITarget target) +269
   Ninject.Activation.Providers.<>c__DisplayClass4.<Create>b__2(ITarget target) +69
   System.Linq.WhereSelectArrayIterator`2.MoveNext() +66
   System.Linq.Buffer`1..ctor(IEnumerable`1 source) +216
   System.Linq.Enumerable.ToArray(IEnumerable`1 source) +77
   Ninject.Activation.Providers.StandardProvider.Create(IContext context) +847
   Ninject.Activation.Context.ResolveInternal(Object scope) +218
   Ninject.Activation.Context.Resolve() +277
   Ninject.<>c__DisplayClass15.<Resolve>b__f(IBinding binding) +86
   System.Linq.WhereSelectEnumerableIterator`2.MoveNext() +145
   System.Linq.Enumerable.SingleOrDefault(IEnumerable`1 source) +4059897
   Ninject.Planning.Targets.Target`1.GetValue(Type service, IContext parent) +169
   Ninject.Planning.Targets.Target`1.ResolveWithin(IContext parent) +747
   Ninject.Activation.Providers.StandardProvider.GetValue(IContext context, ITarget target) +269
   Ninject.Activation.Providers.<>c__DisplayClass4.<Create>b__2(ITarget target) +69
   System.Linq.WhereSelectArrayIterator`2.MoveNext() +66
   System.Linq.Buffer`1..ctor(IEnumerable`1 source) +216
   System.Linq.Enumerable.ToArray(IEnumerable`1 source) +77
   Ninject.Activation.Providers.StandardProvider.Create(IContext context) +847
   Ninject.Activation.Context.ResolveInternal(Object scope) +218
   Ninject.Activation.Context.Resolve() +277
   Ninject.<>c__DisplayClass15.<Resolve>b__f(IBinding binding) +86
   System.Linq.WhereSelectEnumerableIterator`2.MoveNext() +145
   System.Linq.Enumerable.SingleOrDefault(IEnumerable`1 source) +4059897
   Ninject.Web.Mvc.NinjectDependencyResolver.GetService(Type serviceType) +145
   System.Web.Mvc.DefaultControllerActivator.Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) +87

[InvalidOperationException: An error occurred when trying to create a controller of type 'Successful.Struct.Web.Controllers.AccountController'. Make sure that the controller has a parameterless public constructor.]
   System.Web.Mvc.DefaultControllerActivator.Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) +247
   System.Web.Mvc.DefaultControllerFactory.GetControllerInstance(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) +438
   System.Web.Mvc.DefaultControllerFactory.CreateController(RequestContext requestContext, String controllerName) +257
   System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.ProcessRequestInit(HttpContextBase httpContext, IController& controller, IControllerFactory& factory) +326
   System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.BeginProcessRequest(HttpContextBase httpContext, AsyncCallback callback, Object state) +157
   System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext httpContext, AsyncCallback callback, Object state) +88
   System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.System.Web.IHttpAsyncHandler.BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext context, AsyncCallback cb, Object extraData) +50
   System.Web.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +301
   System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +155

Account controller:

public class AccountController : Controller
{
    private readonly ISecurityService _securityService;

    public AccountController(ISecurityService securityService)
    {
        _securityService = securityService;
    }

    //
    // GET: /Account/Login
    [AllowAnonymous]
    public ActionResult Login(string returnUrl)
    {
        ViewBag.ReturnUrl = returnUrl;
        return View();
    }
}

NinjectWebCommon:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Http.Dependencies;
using Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.DynamicModuleHelper;
using Ninject;
using Ninject.Extensions.Conventions;
using Ninject.Parameters;
using Ninject.Syntax;
using Ninject.Web.Common;
using Successful.Struct.Web;

[assembly: WebActivator.PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(NinjectWebCommon), "Start")]
[assembly: WebActivator.ApplicationShutdownMethodAttribute(typeof(NinjectWebCommon), "Stop")]

namespace Successful.Struct.Web
{
    public static class NinjectWebCommon
    {
        private static readonly Bootstrapper Bootstrapper = new Bootstrapper();

        /// <summary>
        /// Starts the application
        /// </summary>
        public static void Start()
        {
            DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(OnePerRequestHttpModule));
            DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(NinjectHttpModule));
            Bootstrapper.Initialize(CreateKernel);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Stops the application.
        /// </summary>
        public static void Stop()
        {
            Bootstrapper.ShutDown();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates the kernel that will manage your application.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The created kernel.</returns>
        private static IKernel CreateKernel()
        {
            var kernel = new StandardKernel();

            kernel.Bind<Func<IKernel>>().ToMethod(ctx => () => new Bootstrapper().Kernel);
            kernel.Bind<IHttpModule>().To<HttpApplicationInitializationHttpModule>();
            kernel.Load("Successful*.dll");
            kernel.Bind(x => x.FromAssembliesMatching("Successful*.dll")
                  .SelectAllClasses()
                  .BindAllInterfaces()
                  );
            GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.DependencyResolver = new NinjectResolver(kernel);
            RegisterServices(kernel);
            return kernel;

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Load your modules or register your services here!
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="kernel">The kernel.</param>
        private static void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
        {
        }
    }

    public class NinjectResolver : NinjectScope, IDependencyResolver
    {
        private readonly IKernel _kernel;
        public NinjectResolver(IKernel kernel)
            : base(kernel)
        {
            _kernel = kernel;
        }
        public IDependencyScope BeginScope()
        {
            return new NinjectScope(_kernel.BeginBlock());
        }
    }

    public class NinjectScope : IDependencyScope
    {
        protected IResolutionRoot ResolutionRoot;
        public NinjectScope(IResolutionRoot kernel)
        {
            ResolutionRoot = kernel;
        }
        public object GetService(Type serviceType)
        {
            var request = ResolutionRoot.CreateRequest(serviceType, null, new Parameter[0], true, true);
            return ResolutionRoot.Resolve(request).SingleOrDefault();
        }
        public IEnumerable<object> GetServices(Type serviceType)
        {
            var request = ResolutionRoot.CreateRequest(serviceType, null, new Parameter[0], true, true);
            return ResolutionRoot.Resolve(request).ToList();
        }
        public void Dispose()
        {
            var disposable = (IDisposable)ResolutionRoot;
            if (disposable != null) disposable.Dispose();
            ResolutionRoot = null;
        }
    }

}

ClaimsSecurityService:

public class ClaimsSecurityService : ISecurityService
    {
        private const string AscClaimsIdType = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/accesscontrolservice/2010/07/claims/identityprovider";
        private const string SuccessfulStructWebNamespace = "Successful.Struct.Web";

        private readonly IMainLicense _mainLicenses;
        private readonly ICompany _companys;
        private readonly IAuthTokenService _authService;

        [Inject]
        public IApplicationContext ApplicationContext { get; set; }
        [Inject]
        public ILogger<LocationService> Logger { get; set; }

        public ClaimsSecurityService(IMainLicense mainLicenses, ICompany companys, IAuthTokenService authService)
        {
            _mainLicenses = mainLicenses;
            _companys = companys;
            _authService = authService;
        }
}

Answer 1

NInject isn't quite completely automagical; you still need to tell it sometimes which implementations of your interfaces to create and inject (your "bindings" in NInject terms). Here is where they belong:

    /// <summary>
    /// Load your modules or register your services here!
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="kernel">The kernel.</param>
    private static void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
    {
        // halp!
    }

You should set up bindings for each of the services you're attempting to inject into your classes and controllers, in the proper scope. For example:

    private static void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
    {
        kernel.Bind<IMainLicense>().To<MainLicense>();
    }

Here's a sample from one of my projects:

    private static void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
    {
        // Authentication
        kernel.Bind<IAuthenticationService>().To<AuthenticationService>().InRequestScope();

        // Entity Framework Unit of Work
        kernel.Bind<IUnitOfWork>().To<UnitOfWork>()
            .InRequestScope()
            .WithConstructorArgument("context", f => new DbContext("BlahBlahEntities"));

        // Document generator service
        kernel.Bind<IDocumentGeneratorService>().To<DummyDocumentGeneratorService>().InRequestScope();

        // Loggers
        kernel.Bind<ILog>().ToMethod(p => LogManager.GetLogger(p.Request.Target.Member.DeclaringType));
    }