如何在 C++ 中创建列表？

Question

How can I create a list in C++? I need it to create a linked list. How would I go about doing that? Are there good tutorials or examples I could follow?

Answer 1

I take it that you know that C++ already has a linked list class, and you want to implement your own because you want to learn how to do it.

First, read Why do we use arrays instead of other data structures? , which contains a good answer of basic data-structures. Then think about how to model them in C++:

struct Node {
    int data;
    Node * next;
};

Basically that's all you need to implement a list! (a very simple one). Yet it has no abstractions, you have to link the items per hand:

Node a={1}, b={20, &a}, c={35, &b} d={42, &c};

Now, you have have a linked list of nodes, all allocated on the stack:

d -> c -> b -> a
42   35   20   1

Next step is to write a wrapper class List that points to the start node, and allows to add nodes as needed, keeping track of the head of the list (the following is very simplified):

class List {
    struct Node {
        int data;
        Node * next;
    };

    Node * head;

public:
    List() {
        head = NULL;
    }

    ~List() {
        while(head != NULL) {
            Node * n = head->next;
            delete head;
            head = n;
        }
    }

    void add(int value) {
        Node * n = new Node;
        n->data = value;
        n->next = head;
        head = n;
    }

    // ...
};

Next step is to make the List a template, so that you can stuff other values (not only integers).

If you are familiar with smart pointers, you can then replace the raw pointers used with smart pointers. Often i find people recommend smart pointers to starters. But in my opinion you should first understand why you need smart pointers, and then use them. But that requires that you need first understand raw pointers. Otherwise, you use some magic tool, without knowing why you need it.

Answer 2

You should really use the standard List class . Unless, of course, this is a homework question, or you want to know how lists are implemented by STL.

You'll find plenty of simple tutorials via google, like this one . If you want to know how linked lists work "under the hood", try searching for C list examples/tutorials rather than C++.

Answer 3

If you are going to use std::list , you need to pass a type parameter:

list<int> intList;  
list<int>* intListPtr = new list<int>;

If you want to know how lists work, I recommending googling for some C/C++ tutorials to gain an understanding of that subject. Next step would then be learning enough C++ to create a list class, and finally a list template class.

If you have more questions, ask back here.

Answer 4

Why reinvent the wheel. Just use the STL list container.

#include <list>

// in some function, you now do...
std::list<int> mylist; // integer list

More information...

Answer 5

I'm guessing this is a homework question, so you probably want to go here . It has a tutorial explaining linked lists, gives good pseudocode and also has a C++ implementation you can download.

I'd recommend reading through the explanation and understanding the pseudocode before blindly using the implementation. This is a topic that you really should understand in depth if you want to continue on in CS.

Answer 6

Boost ptr_list

http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_37_0/libs/ptr_container/doc/ptr_list.html

HTH

Answer 7

Create list using C++ templates

ie

template <class T> struct Node 
{
    T data;
    Node * next;
};
    
template <class T> class List 
{
    Node<T> *head,*tail;
        
    public: 
        void push(T const&);  // push element 
        void pop();           // pop element 
        bool empty()          // return true if empty. 
}; 

Then you can write the code like:

List<MyClass>;

The type T is not dynamic in run time.It is only for the compile time.

For complete example click here .

For C++ templates tutorial click here .

Answer 8

We are already in 21st century!! Don't try to implement the already existing data structures. Try to use the existing data structures.

Use STL or Boost library