R无法启动设备PNG - 功能（）对于PNG是否为TRUE？

Question

I am working with a R script within a wider pipeline that seems to not work with some versions of Rscript but with others. The call fails due to being unable to connect to X11, which is understandable because this is on a server. But my local installation of Rscript is able to handle this fine?

My local installation is version 3.0.1, while the one that other users that are reporting this problem are on 3.0.2.

Here is a simple test case - first the .R file:

#!/usr/bin/env Rscript

capabilities()

png("abc")

dev.off()

Run with my local env:

-bash-4.1$ ./test.R
    jpeg      png     tiff    tcltk      X11     aqua http/ftp  sockets 
    TRUE     TRUE     TRUE     TRUE    FALSE    FALSE     TRUE     TRUE 
  libxml     fifo   cledit    iconv      NLS  profmem    cairo 
    TRUE     TRUE    FALSE     TRUE     TRUE    FALSE     TRUE 
null device 
          1 

Run on the installation of Rscript others are trying to use:

    jpeg      png     tiff    tcltk      X11     aqua http/ftp  sockets 
    TRUE     TRUE    FALSE     TRUE    FALSE    FALSE     TRUE     TRUE 
  libxml     fifo   cledit    iconv      NLS  profmem    cairo 
    TRUE     TRUE    FALSE     TRUE     TRUE    FALSE     TRUE 
Error in .External2(C_X11, paste("png::", filename, sep = ""), g$width,  : 
  unable to start device PNG
Calls: png
In addition: Warning message:
In png("abc") : unable to open connection to X11 display ''
Execution halted

Answer 1

万一有人在谷歌上找到这个，解决方案是

png("abc", type="cairo")

Answer 2

You can run it in the R command

options(bitmapType='cairo')
png("xzvf.png")
plot(z~x)
dev.off()

Answer 3

Try prefixing the call to Rscript with

  xvfb-run

or even

 xvfb-run --server-args="-screen 0 1024x768x24"

as png, if memory serves, uses x11 font information. The virtual x11 server started by xvfb-run provides it, so it helps in headless settings, cron jobs, etc pp

Answer 4

I had the same issue on fresh install of Ubuntu 14.04.

Simply installing xvfb-run solved the issue, even without running it before launching R.