Bash - 如何在子目录中存档和压缩文件，但只能使用特定的文件名

Question

I have a directory structure that looks like:

main_directory/
    directory1:
        sub_directory1:
            files:
                myfile.txt
                otherfile.txt
        sub_directory2:
            files:
                myfile.txt
                otherfile.txt
        sub_directory3:
            files:
                myfile.txt
                otherfile.txt
        sub_directory4:
            files:
                myfile.txt
                otherfile.txt
    directory2:
        sub_directory1:
            files:
                myfile.txt
                otherfile.txt
        sub_directory2:
            files:
                myfile.txt
                otherfile.txt
        sub_directory3:
            files:
                myfile.txt
                otherfile.txt
        sub_directory4:
            files:
                myfile.txt
                otherfile.txt

I am trying to figure out (by trial and error because I'm not an expert at Linux) how to only gzip the myfile.txt files in all the directories. Since they all have the same filename in different paths (there was no way around this), I need to be able to keep the files path in the archive as well. So the final gzipped tar file I am looking to create would have the contents:

mytar.tar.gz
    main_directory/directory1/sub_directory1/files/myfile.txt
    main_directory/directory1/sub_directory2/files/myfile.txt
    main_directory/directory1/sub_directory3/files/myfile.txt
    main_directory/directory1/sub_directory4/files/myfile.txt
    main_directory/directory2/sub_directory1/files/myfile.txt
    main_directory/directory3/sub_directory2/files/myfile.txt
    main_directory/directory4/sub_directory3/files/myfile.txt
    main_directory/directory5/sub_directory4/files/myfile.txt

Is there a simple bash way to do this? I suppose I could write a python script to do it, but that seems overkill.

Does anyone have any advice?

Answer 1

这克服了另一个答案中描述的这个问题。

find main_directory/ -name "myfile.txt" | tar -czvf mytar.tar.gz -T -

Answer 2

Assuming there are not too many files, you can do something like:

cd main_directory/..
find main_directory -name "myfile.txt" | xargs tar zcf mytar.tar.gz

In the event that there are a lot of files, you can pipe the file list into a file/stream and pass that into tar.

find main_directory -name "myfile.txt" -print0 | tar zcf myar.tar.gz --null -T -

This prints out the filenames separated by nulls ( -print0 to find ) and instructs tar to parse that correctly from stdin ; using nulls ensures that any special characters in directories are handled properly

Answer 3

使用足够新的（4.0.0+我相信）版本的bash（以及许多其他shell），以下内容将起作用：

tar -czf mytar.tar.gz main_directory/**/myfile.txt

Answer 4

If the directory structure is indeed this regular, the wildcard

main_directory/*/*/files/myfile.txt

will match the files you want. However, if there are many files, you may need to revert to find / xargs in order to avoid the "argument list too long" ( ARG_MAX ) problem.

If there are files named myfile.txt which you do not want to include because their path does not match the wildcard exactly, there are certainly ways to exclude them from find , too; perhaps then this additional constraint should be stated in the question.