SQL从min开始按顺序查找缺失的数字？

Question

I have found several examples of SQL queries which will find missing numbers in a sequence. For example this one:

Select T1.val+1 
from table T1 
where not exists(select val from table T2 where T2.val = T1.val + 1);

This will only find gaps in an existing sequence. I would like to find gaps in a sequence starting from a minimum.

For example, if the values in my sequence are 2, 4 then the query above will return 3,5.

I would like to specify that my sequence must start at 0 so I would like the query to return 0,1,3,5.

How can I add the minimum value to my query?

• A few answers to questions below:
  • There is no maximum, only a minimum
  • The DB is oracle

Answer 1

This is quite easy in Postgres:

select x.i as missing_sequence_value
from (
   select i
   from generate_series(0,5) i -- 0,5 are the lower and upper bounds you want
) x
  left join the_table t on t.val = x.i 
where t.val is null;

SQLFiddle: http://www.sqlfiddle.com/#!15/acb07/1

Edit

The Oracle solution is a bit more complex because generating the numbers requires a workaround

with numbers as (
   select level - 1 as val
   from dual
   connect by level <= (select max(val) + 2 from the_table) -- this is the maximum
), number_range as (
   select val
   from numbers 
   where val >= 0 -- this is the minimum
)
select nr.val as missing_sequence_value
from number_range nr
  left join the_table t on t.val = nr.val
where t.val is null;

SQLFiddle: http://www.sqlfiddle.com/#!4/71584/4

The idea (in both cases) is to generate a list of numbers you are interested in (from 0 to 5) and then doing an outer join against the values in your table. The rows where the outer join does not return something from your table (that's the condition where t.val is null ) are the values that are missing.

The Oracle solution requires two common table expressions ("CTE", the "with" things) because you can't add a where level >= x in the first CTE that generates the numbers.

Note that the connect by level <= ... is relies on an undocumented (and unsupported) way of using connect by . But so many people are using that to get a "number generator" that I doubt that Oracle will actually remove this.

Answer 2

If you have to option to use a common table expression you can generate a sequence of numbers and use that as the source of numbers.

The variables @start and @end defines the range of numbers (you could easily use max(val) from yourtable as end instead).

This example is for MS SQL Server (but CTEs is a SQL 99 feature supported by many databases):

declare @start int, @end int
select @start=0, @end=5

;With sequence(num) as
(
    select @start as num
        union all
    select num + 1
        from sequence
        where num < @end
)

select * from sequence seq
where not exists(select val from YourTable where YourTable.val = seq.num)
Option (MaxRecursion 1000)

Sample SQL Fiddle

Answer 3

Just presenting 2 small variations to suggestions above, both are for Oracle.

---

First is a small variation to one presented by jpw using a recursive Common Table Expression (CTE); simply to demonstrate that this technique is also available in Oracle.

WITH
      seq (val)
      AS (
            SELECT 0 FROM dual
            UNION ALL
                  SELECT val + 1
                  FROM seq
                  WHERE val < (
                              SELECT MAX(val) FROM the_table -- note below
                              )
            )
SELECT
      seq.val AS missing_sequence_value
FROM seq
      LEFT JOIN the_table t
                  ON seq.val = t.val
WHERE t.val IS NULL
ORDER BY
      missing_sequence_value
;

This variation at SQLfiddle

Notable difference to SQL Server: you can use a subquery to limit the recursion

Also, Oracle documentation often refers to Subquery Factoring eg subquery_factoring_clause::= instead of CTE

---

Second is a variation on the use of connect by level as used by a_horse_with_no_name

Level is a pseudo column available in Oracle's hierarchical queries and the root of a hierarchy is 1. When using connect by level, by default this will commence at 1

For this variation I just wished to demonstrate that it does not need to be coupled with CTE's at all, and hence the syntax can be quite concise.

SELECT
      seq.val AS missing_sequence_value
FROM (
            SELECT
                  level - 1 AS val
            FROM dual
            CONNECT BY LEVEL <= (SELECT max(val) FROM the_table)
      ) seq
      LEFT JOIN the_table t
                  ON seq.val = t.val
WHERE t.val IS NULL
ORDER BY
      missing_sequence_value
;

This variation at SQLfiddle