替换所有特定单词的出现

Question

Suppose that I have the following sentence:

bean likes to sell his beans

and I want to replace all occurrences of specific words with other words. For example, bean to robert and beans to cars .

I can't just use str.replace because in this case it'll change the beans to roberts .

>>> "bean likes to sell his beans".replace("bean","robert")
'robert likes to sell his roberts'

I need to change the whole words only, not the occurrences of the word in the other word. I think that I can achieve this by using regular expressions but don't know how to do it right.

Answer 1

If you use regex, you can specify word boundaries with \\b :

import re

sentence = 'bean likes to sell his beans'

sentence = re.sub(r'\bbean\b', 'robert', sentence)
# 'robert likes to sell his beans'

Here 'beans' is not changed (to 'roberts') because the 's' on the end is not a boundary between words: \\b matches the empty string, but only at the beginning or end of a word.

The second replacement for completeness:

sentence = re.sub(r'\bbeans\b', 'cars', sentence)
# 'robert likes to sell his cars'

Answer 2

If you replace each word one at a time, you might replace words several times (and not get what you want). To avoid this, you can use a function or lambda:

d = {'bean':'robert', 'beans':'cars'}
str_in = 'bean likes to sell his beans'
str_out = re.sub(r'\b(\w+)\b', lambda m:d.get(m.group(1), m.group(1)), str_in)

That way, once bean is replaced by robert , it won't be modified again (even if robert is also in your input list of words).

As suggested by georg , I edited this answer with dict.get(key, default_value) . Alternative solution (also suggested by georg ):

str_out = re.sub(r'\b(%s)\b' % '|'.join(d.keys()), lambda m:d.get(m.group(1), m.group(1)), str_in)

Answer 3

"bean likes to sell his beans".replace("beans", "cars").replace("bean", "robert")

Will replace all instances of "beans" with "cars" and "bean" with "robert". This works because .replace() returns a modified instance of original string. As such, you can think of it in stages. It essentially works this way:

 >>> first_string = "bean likes to sell his beans"
 >>> second_string = first_string.replace("beans", "cars")
 >>> third_string = second_string.replace("bean", "robert")
 >>> print(first_string, second_string, third_string)

 ('bean likes to sell his beans', 'bean likes to sell his cars', 
  'robert likes to sell his cars')

Answer 4

I know its been a long time but Does this look much more elegant? :

reduce(lambda x,y : re.sub('\\b('+y[0]+')\\b',y[1],x) ,[("bean","robert"),("beans","cars")],"bean likes to sell his beans")