我如何让打字稿停止抱怨它不知道的功能？

Question

I'm using Typescript for a web app that needs to use the JavaScript full screen API. The full screen API isn't officially supported yet, so you have to use vendor prefixes. Here's my code, based on the sample from MDN :

function toggleFullScreen(element: JQuery) {
    var fs = element[0];
    if (!document.fullscreenElement &&    // alternative standard method
        !document.mozFullScreenElement && !document.webkitFullscreenElement && !document.msFullscreenElement) {  // current working methods
        if (fs.requestFullscreen) {
            fs.requestFullscreen();
        } else if (fs.msRequestFullscreen) {
            fs.msRequestFullscreen();
        } else if (fs.mozRequestFullScreen) {
            fs.mozRequestFullScreen();
        } else if (fs.webkitRequestFullscreen) {
            fs.webkitRequestFullscreen(Element.ALLOW_KEYBOARD_INPUT);
        }
    } else {
        if (document.exitFullscreen) {
            document.exitFullscreen();
        } else if (document.msExitFullscreen) {
            document.msExitFullscreen();
        } else if (document.mozCancelFullScreen) {
            document.mozCancelFullScreen();
        } else if (document.webkitExitFullscreen) {
            document.webkitExitFullscreen();
        }
    }
}

However in my IDE (Visual Studio, but this would happen anywhere), I get errors like:

The property 'fullscreenElement' does not exist on value of type 'Document'.
The property 'mozFullScreenElement' does not exist on value of type 'Document'.
The property 'webkitFullscreenElement' does not exist on value of type 'Document'.  

Of course TypeScript can't know that these functions exist, but nor do I want to re-declare document as any just to get rid of these errors, because then I'll lose all the other type hints.

What is the solution here? How do I get TypeScript to stop complaining but keep as many type annotations as I can?

Answer 1

I have the same problem. Just use 'Square bracket' notation to solve it.

 if (document['exitFullscreen']) {
    document['exitFullscreen']();
 } else if (document['webkitExitFullscreen']) {
    document['webkitExitFullscreen']();
 } else if (document['mozCancelFullScreen']) {
    document['mozCancelFullScreen']();
 } else if (document['msExitFullscreen']) {
    document['msExitFullscreen']();
 }

Answer 2

Simplistically, you could add those items to the Document interface and the errors would go away.

interface Document {
    exitFullscreen: any;
    mozCancelFullScreen: any;
    webkitExitFullscreen: any;
    fullscreenElement: any;
    mozFullScreenElement: any;
    webkitFullscreenElement: any;
}

You could add full type information for each of these, even the simple:

interface Document {
    exitFullscreen: () => void;
    mozCancelFullScreen: () => void;
    webkitExitFullscreen: () => void;
    fullscreenElement: () => void;
    mozFullScreenElement: () => void;
    webkitFullscreenElement: () => void;
}

This would prevent them being mis-used.

For static properties, you may just need to make the type dynamic, the important part in the example below is the type assertion on Element , ie (<any>Element) :

fs.webkitRequestFullscreen((<any>Element).ALLOW_KEYBOARD_INPUT);

Answer 3

Adding to the answer of Fenton we added some details to these types and declared them in a regular TypeScript Module with imports/exports. This means you also have to declare the global namespace:

declare global {
  interface Document {
    mozCancelFullScreen?: () => Promise<void>;
    msExitFullscreen?: () => Promise<void>;
    webkitExitFullscreen?: () => Promise<void>;
    mozFullScreenElement?: Element;
    msFullscreenElement?: Element;
    webkitFullscreenElement?: Element;
  }

  interface HTMLElement {
    msRequestFullscreen?: () => Promise<void>;
    mozRequestFullscreen?: () => Promise<void>;
    webkitRequestFullscreen?: () => Promise<void>;
  }
}

Answer 4

Steve fenton's answer is excellent and in the long run that is what you should do. Remember Types are documentation and will help the next developer.

Bad but proving that typescript is permissive if you want it to be

Purely as a thought experiment you can create a local variable to shadow the global one and explicitly type it to be any only once:

function toggleFullScreen(element: JQuery) {
    var document:any = window.document;
    document.AnythingCanHappen = 123; // No error 
}

And for more fancy ones (grab from an outer scope):

var Element_Copy=Element; 
function toggleFullScreen(element: JQuery) {
    var Element:any = Element_Copy; 
    Element.ShootMyself = true;
} 

Complete example:

var Element_Copy=Element;                         // Magic
function toggleFullScreen(element: JQuery) {
    var document:any = window.document;           // Magic
    var Element:any = Element_Copy;               // Magic
    var fs = element[0];
    if (!document.fullscreenElement &&    // alternative standard method
        !document.mozFullScreenElement && !document.webkitFullscreenElement && !document.msFullscreenElement) {  // current working methods
        if (fs.requestFullscreen) {
            fs.requestFullscreen();
        } else if (fs.msRequestFullscreen) {
            fs.msRequestFullscreen();
        } else if (fs.mozRequestFullScreen) {
            fs.mozRequestFullScreen();
        } else if (fs.webkitRequestFullscreen) {
            fs.webkitRequestFullscreen(Element.ALLOW_KEYBOARD_INPUT);
        }
    } else {
        if (document.exitFullscreen) {
            document.exitFullscreen();
        } else if (document.msExitFullscreen) {
            document.msExitFullscreen();
        } else if (document.mozCancelFullScreen) {
            document.mozCancelFullScreen();
        } else if (document.webkitExitFullscreen) {
            document.webkitExitFullscreen();
        }
    }
}

Answer 5

不推荐这样做，而是阻止编译器抱怨的另一种解决方案：

const document: any = window.document;

Answer 6

I ran into the same problem today and the solutions that I've seen here did not completely work on our angular 7 project.

Here is what we've done to make it work. We've first created an interface for Document as mentioned above. (we only needed 'fullscreenElement' in our case, but you can add any you like).

export interface Document extends HTMLDocument {
    fullscreenElement: any;
}

Imported this into our component without implementing it.

import { Document } from '../interfaces/document';

Then, instead of using document.fullscreenElement you can cast document to the expanded type we created above, like this:

(document as Document).fullscreenElement

This allowed us to make a fullscreen change detector like this:

@HostListener('document:fullscreenchange', ['$event']) onfullscreenchange(e) {
  if ((document as Document).fullscreenElement) {
    this.isFullscreen = true;
  } else {
    this.isFullscreen = false;
  }
}

Typescript will now accept these newly defined properties.

Answer 7

You can just cast to "any" before accessing the properties and functions.

Example:

if ((<any> canvas).mozRequestFullScreen) {
    (<any> canvas).mozRequestFullScreen();
}