R中的分层抽样或比例抽样

Question

I have a data set generated as follows:

myData <- data.frame(a=1:N,b=round(rnorm(N),2),group=round(rnorm(N,4),0))

The data looks like as this

I would like to generate a stratified sample set of myData with given sample size, ie, 50. The resulting sample set should follow the proportion allocation of the original data set in terms of "group". For instance, assume myData has 20 records belonging to group 4, then the resulting data set should have 50*20/200=5 records belonging to group 4. How to do that in R.

Answer 1

You can use my stratified function , specifying a value < 1 as your proportion, like this:

## Sample data. Seed for reproducibility 
set.seed(1)
N <- 50
myData <- data.frame(a=1:N,b=round(rnorm(N),2),group=round(rnorm(N,4),0))

## Taking the sample
out <- stratified(myData, "group", .3)
out
#     a     b group
# 17 17 -0.02     2
# 8   8  0.74     3
# 25 25  0.62     3
# 49 49 -0.11     3
# 4   4  1.60     3
# 26 26 -0.06     4
# 27 27 -0.16     4
# 7   7  0.49     4
# 12 12  0.39     4
# 40 40  0.76     4
# 32 32 -0.10     4
# 9   9  0.58     5
# 42 42 -0.25     5
# 43 43  0.70     5
# 37 37 -0.39     5
# 11 11  1.51     6

Compare the counts in the final group with what we would have expected.

round(table(myData$group) * .3)
# 
# 2 3 4 5 6 
# 1 4 6 4 1 
table(out$group)
# 
# 2 3 4 5 6 
# 1 4 6 4 1 

---

You can also easily take a fixed number of samples per group, like this:

stratified(myData, "group", 2)
#     a     b group
# 34 34 -0.05     2
# 17 17 -0.02     2
# 49 49 -0.11     3
# 22 22  0.78     3
# 12 12  0.39     4
# 7   7  0.49     4
# 18 18  0.94     5
# 33 33  0.39     5
# 45 45 -0.69     6
# 11 11  1.51     6