相当于 Python 中 R 的 createDataPartition

Question

I am trying to reproduce the behavior of the R's createDataPartition function in python. I have a dataset for machine learning with the boolean target variable. I would like to split my dataset in a training set (60%) and a testing set (40%).

If I do it totally random, my target variable won't be properly distributed between the two sets.

I achieve it in R using:

inTrain <- createDataPartition(y=data$repeater, p=0.6, list=F)
training <- data[inTrain,]
testing <- data[-inTrain,]

How can I do the same in Python?

PS : I am using scikit-learn as my machine learning lib and python pandas.

Answer 1

In scikit-learn, you get the tool train_test_split

from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split
from sklearn import datasets

# Use Age and Weight to predict a value for the food someone chooses
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(table['Age', 'Weight'], 
                                                    table['Food Choice'], 
                                                    test_size=0.25)

# Another example using the sklearn pre-loaded datasets:
iris = datasets.load_iris()
X_iris, y_iris = iris.data, iris.target
X, y = X_iris[:, :2], y_iris
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y)

This breaks the data in to

• inputs for training
• inputs for the evaluation data
• output for the training data
• output for the evaluation data

respectively. You can also add a keyword argument: test_size=0.25 to vary the percentage of the data used for training and testing

To split a single dataset, you can use a call like this to get 40% test data:

>>> data = np.arange(700).reshape((100, 7))
>>> training, testing = train_test_split(data, test_size=0.4)
>>> print len(data)
100
>>> print len(training)
60
>>> print len(testing)
40

Answer 2

The correct answer is sklearn.model_selection.StratifiedShuffleSplit

Stratified ShuffleSplit cross-validator

Provides train/test indices to split data into train/test sets.

This cross-validation object is a merge of StratifiedKFold and ShuffleSplit, which returns stratified randomized folds. The folds are made by preserving the percentage of samples for each class.

Note: like the ShuffleSplit strategy, stratified random splits do not guarantee that all folds will be different, although this is still very likely for sizeable datasets.

Answer 3

The answer provided is not correct. Apparently there is no function in python that can do stratified sampling , not random sampling, like DataPartition in R does.

Answer 4

As mentioned in the comments, the selected answer does not preserve the class distribution of the data. The scikit-learn docs point out that if is required, then the StratifiedShuffleSplit should be used. This can be done with the train_test_split method with by passing your target array to the stratify option.

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from sklearn import datasets
>>> from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

>>> X, y = datasets.load_iris(return_X_y=True)
>>> X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.4, stratify=y, random_state=42)

>>> # show counts of each type after split
>>> print(np.unique(y, return_counts=True))
(array([0, 1, 2]), array([50, 50, 50], dtype=int64))
>>> print(np.unique(y_test, return_counts=True))
(array([0, 1, 2]), array([16, 17, 17], dtype=int64))
>>> print(np.unique(y_train, return_counts=True))
(array([0, 1, 2]), array([34, 33, 33], dtype=int64))