[英]C - segmentation fault when accessing a pointer in header file
I'm programming in C, and have two files, func2.h : 我正在用C编程,并且有两个文件func2.h :
#define NN 20
void network_construction(int **veins, int *num_veins){
int i, j;
for(i=0;i<NN;i++){
num_veins[i] = NN/2;
}
veins = malloc(NN * sizeof(*veins));
for (i = 0; i < NN; i++) { veins[i] = malloc(num_veins[i] * sizeof(*(veins[i]))); }
for (i = 0; i < NN; i++) { for (j = 0; j<num_veins[i];j++) { veins[i][j] = -1; } }
return;
}
and main.c : 和main.c :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "func2.h"
void main(){
int num_veins[NN];
int **veins;
network_construction(veins, num_veins);
printf("\n%d\n", num_veins[19]);
printf("\n%d\n", veins[2][2]);
return;
}
num_veins[] gives the right number, 10, but when trying to access to any elements of veins, it gives segmentation fault. num_veins []给出正确的数字10,但是当尝试访问任何静脉元素时,它给出了分割错误。 How can I use in main.c the values of veins that are filled in func2.h ? 如何在main.c中使用func2.h中填充的静脉的值? What am I doing wrong and why is this happening ? 我在做什么错,为什么会这样?
EDIT: 编辑:
These codes are a simplified version of bigger ones. 这些代码是较大代码的简化版本。 In the answers there is a way to solve the problem, but it is not exactly what I want. 在答案中,有一种解决问题的方法,但这并不是我想要的。 What I need is to do the dynamic allocation in func2.h
, so I don't want any calculation involving veins[][] in main.c
before the call to network_construction(). 我需要在func2.h
进行动态分配,因此在调用network_construction()之前,我不想在main.c
进行任何涉及静脉[] []的计算。
veins = malloc(NN * sizeof(*veins));
is your problem. 是你的问题。 You actually need an int***
to do what you want. 您实际上需要一个int***
才能完成您想要的操作。 Inside network_construction
, the argument veins is actually a copy of the variable veins
in your main
. 在network_construction
内部,参数静脉实际上是您的main
可变veins
的副本。 Therefore when you malloc it, only the copy changes, but not the variable in main. 因此,当您对其进行malloc分配时,只有副本会更改,而main中的变量不会更改。
A simpler example of the same problem would be this: 相同问题的一个简单示例是:
void foo(int a){
a=5;
}
void foo2(int* a){
*a=5;
}
int main(){
int a=0;
foo(a);
printf("%d\n",a);
foo2(&a);
printf("%d\n",a);
}
which prints 0
5
. 打印0
5
。 Your case is the same, but instead of int
and int*
, think of int**
and int***
您的情况是相同的,但是要考虑int**
和int***
而不是int
和int*
Your function call should be as follows: 您的函数调用应如下所示:
network_construction(&veins, num_veins); network_construction(&veins,num_veins);
Then in the function network_construction catch veins as follows: 然后在函数network_construction中捕获静脉,如下所示:
void network_construction(int ***veins, int *num_veins){
int i, j;
for(i=0;i<NN;i++){
num_veins[i] = NN/2;
}
*veins = malloc(NN * sizeof(**veins));
for (i = 0; i < NN; i++) { *veins[i] = malloc(num_veins[i] * sizeof(**(veins[i]))); }
for (i = 0; i < NN; i++) { for (j = 0; j<num_veins[i];j++) { *veins[i][j] = -1; } }
return;
}
Your malloc in network_construction() function is the problem. 您在network_construction()函数中的malloc就是问题所在。 Easy to overcome this thing is to modify your functions as follows: 容易克服的事情是按如下方式修改您的功能:
Your func.c should be as follows: 您的func.c应该如下所示:
#define NN 20
void network_construction(int **veins, int *num_veins){
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < NN; i++) { for (j = 0; j<num_veins[i];j++) { veins[i][j] = -1; } }
return;
}
Your main function will be as follows: 您的主要功能如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "func2.h"
void main(){
int num_veins[NN];
int **veins;
int i;
for(i=0;i<NN;i++){
num_veins[i] = NN/2;
}
veins = malloc(NN * sizeof(*veins));
for (i = 0; i < NN; i++) { veins[i] = malloc(num_veins[i] * sizeof(*(veins[i]))); }
network_construction(veins, num_veins);
printf("\n%d\n", num_veins[19]);
printf("\n%d\n", veins[2][2]);
return;
}
The code below achieves what I wanted: 下面的代码实现了我想要的:
void network_construction(int ***veins, int num_veins[]){
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<NN;i++){
num_veins[i] = NN/2;
}
(*veins) = malloc((NN) * sizeof(**veins));
for(i=0;i<NN;i++){
(*veins)[i] = malloc(num_veins[i]*sizeof(*(*veins)[i]));
}
for (i = 0; i < NN; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < num_veins[i]; j++) {
(*veins)[i][j] = -1;
}
}
return;}
To call it in main(): 要在main()中调用它:
network_construction(&veins,num_veins);
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