如何在WPF中进行自定义控件

Question

In winforms there were 2 templates: UserControl allows to make composite control (group of existing controls) to reuse it and standardize operations with it, CustomControl was a fully custom control (often rendered manually, performing differently than standard controls, etc), allowing overriding and provides access to protected things.

In wpf I only found UserControl template (using express edition of VS).

To create custom MyControl I am doing following:

• create normal class, based on Control / ContentControl ;
• create resource dictionary with Style containing control template (could be only ControlTemplate , style is better, because can contain other properties setter)

<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
                xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
                xmlns:local="clr-namespace:MySolution">
    <Style x:Key="MyControl" TargetType="local:MyControl">
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="local:MyControl">
                    <Grid x:Name="PART_Grid">
                    </Grid>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

• bind them together like this

public class MyControl : Control
{
    public MyControl()
    {
        var dictionary = new ResourceDictionary();
        dictionary.Source = new Uri("/MySolution;component/MyControl.xaml", UriKind.Relative);
        Style = dictionary["MyControl"] as Style;
        Loaded += MyControl_Loaded;
    }
}

• define lazy parts accessors in template

private Grid _partGrid;
private Grid PartGrid
{
    get
    {
        if (_partGrid == null)
            _partGrid = (Grid)Template.FindName("PART_Grid", this);
        return _partGrid;
    }
}

It works, but I am not sure if its the most optimal way:

• .cs and .xaml are separate files (not one entity as in case of wpf UserControl );
• when moving xaml (to example, inside Controls folder) constructor code has to be adjusted;
• parts accessor are not available in constructor (template is yet not loaded).

My question: is there better way to make custom control with template? More comfortable, automatic, with automatic parts accessors, etc.

---

Here are my wpf templates

Answer 1

It is better if you use the CustomControl VS template, not sure why you don't see it, maybe because you are using the Express version. That template generates a Generic.xaml file for you, there you define the styles/controltemplate. Also you will have the .cs with the c# definition of your control.

To get the diferent parts of your control, the recommended way is using the GetTemplateChild mehtod and pass the Part_Name and you normally do that overriding the OnApplyTemplate() method.

 public override void OnApplyTemplate()
  {
    base.OnApplyTemplate();

    ActionBtn = GetTemplateChild(BtnPartName) as ButtonBase;
    ContentPopup = GetTemplateChild(PopupPartName) as Popup;
  }

Take a look to this post to check a sample with the details of that implementation.