bash 脚本将文本附加到文件的第一行

Question

I want to add a text to the end of the first line of a file using a bash script. The file is /etc/cmdline.txt which does not allow line breaks and needs new commands seperated by a blank, so text i want to add realy needs to be in first line.

What i got so far is:

line=' bcm2708.w1_gpio_pin=20'
file=/boot/cmdline.txt
if ! grep -q -x -F -e "$line" <"$file"; then
  printf '%s' "$line\n" >>"$file"
fi

But that appends the text after the line break of the first line, so the result is wrong. I either need to trim the file contend, add my text and a line feed or somehow just add it to first line of file not touching the rest somehow, but my knowledge of bash scripts is not good enough to find a solution here, and all the examples i find online add beginning/end of every line in a file, not just the first line.

Answer 1

This sed command will add 123 to end of first line of your file.

sed ' 1 s/.*/&123/' yourfile.txt

also

sed '1 s/$/ 123/' yourfile.txt

For appending result to the same file you have to use -i switch :

sed -i ' 1 s/.*/&123/' yourfile.txt

Answer 2

This is a solution to add "ok" at the first line on /etc/passwd , I think you can use this in your script with a little bit of 'tuning' :

$ awk 'NR==1{printf "%s %s\n", $0, "ok"}' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash ok

Answer 3

To edit a file, you can use ed , the standard editor:

line=' bcm2708.w1_gpio_pin=20'
file=/boot/cmdline.txt
if ! grep -q -x -F -e "$line" <"$file"; then
    ed -s "$file" < <(printf '%s\n' 1 a "$line" . 1,2j w q)
fi

ed 's commands:

• 1 : go to line 1
• a : append (this will insert after the current line)
• We're in insert mode and we're inserting the expansion of $line
• . : stop insert mode
• 1,2j join lines 1 and 2
• w : write
• q : quit

Answer 4

This can be used to append a variable to the first line of input:

awk -v suffix="$suffix" '{print NR==1 ? $0 suffix : $0}'

This will work even if the variable could potentially contain regex formatting characters.

Example:

suffix=' [first line]'
cat input.txt | awk -v suffix="$suffix" '{print NR==1 ? $0 suffix : $0}' > output.txt

input.txt:

Line 1
Line 2
Line 3

output.txt:

Line 1 [first line]
Line 2
Line 3