为什么我会收到“回溯（最近一次呼叫最后一次）：”错误？

Question

I'm sorry for asking, but I can't find why I'm getting this errors, especially after the program is running.

The erros to be exact are:

>>> 
Welcome! This program will convert measures for you.
Select operation.
1.Miles to Kilometers
2.Fahrenheit to Celsius
3.Gallons to liters
4.Pounds to kilograms
5.Inches to centimeters
Enter your choice by number: 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Levhitor\Downloads\Mario_Gomez_Lab2.py", line 112, in <module>
    intro()
  File "C:\Users\Levhitor\Downloads\Mario_Gomez_Lab2.py", line 12, in intro
    main()
  File "C:\Users\Levhitor\Downloads\Mario_Gomez_Lab2.py", line 25, in main
    convertMK()
  File "C:\Users\Levhitor\Downloads\Mario_Gomez_Lab2.py", line 44, in convertMK
    input_M = float(raw_input(("Miles: ")))
TypeError: 'int' object is not callable

I don't understand what's happening here. Can anyone help me?

raw_input = 0
M = 1.6
# Miles to Kilometers 
# Celsius Celsius = (var1 - 32) * 5/9
# Gallons to liters Gallons = 3.6
# Pounds to kilograms Pounds = 0.45
# Inches to centimete Inches = 2.54


def intro():
    print("Welcome! This program will convert measures for you.")
    main()

def main():
    print("Select operation.")
    print("1.Miles to Kilometers")
    print("2.Fahrenheit to Celsius")
    print("3.Gallons to liters")
    print("4.Pounds to kilograms")
    print("5.Inches to centimeters")

    choice = input("Enter your choice by number: ")

    if choice == '1':
        convertMK()

    elif choice == '2':
        converCF()

    elif choice == '3':
        convertGL()

    elif choice == '4':
        convertPK()

    elif choice == '5':
        convertPK()

    else:
        print("Error")


def convertMK():
    input_M = float(raw_input(("Miles: ")))
    M_conv = (M) * input_M
    print("Kilometers: %f\n" % M_conv)
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def converCF():
    input_F = float(raw_input(("Fahrenheit: ")))
    F_conv = (input_F - 32) * 5/9
    print("Celcius: %f\n") % F_conv
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def convertGL():
    input_G = float(raw_input(("Gallons: ")))
    G_conv = input_G * 3.6
    print("Centimeters: %f\n" % G_conv)
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print ("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def convertPK():
    input_P = float(raw_input(("Pounds: ")))
    P_conv = input_P * 0.45
    print("Centimeters: %f\n" % P_conv)
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print ("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def convertIC():
    input_cm = float(raw_input(("Inches: ")))
    inches_conv = input_cm * 2.54
    print("Centimeters: %f\n" % inches_conv)
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print ("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def end():
    print("This program will close.")
    exit()

intro()

I do not know what is wrong... can anyone help me? Thanks you!

Answer 1

At the beginning of your file you set raw_input to 0. Do not do this, at it modifies the built-in raw_input() function. Therefore, whenever you call raw_input() , it is essentially calling 0() , which raises the error. To remove the error, remove the first line of your code:

M = 1.6
# Miles to Kilometers 
# Celsius Celsius = (var1 - 32) * 5/9
# Gallons to liters Gallons = 3.6
# Pounds to kilograms Pounds = 0.45
# Inches to centimete Inches = 2.54


def intro():
    print("Welcome! This program will convert measures for you.")
    main()

def main():
    print("Select operation.")
    print("1.Miles to Kilometers")
    print("2.Fahrenheit to Celsius")
    print("3.Gallons to liters")
    print("4.Pounds to kilograms")
    print("5.Inches to centimeters")

    choice = input("Enter your choice by number: ")

    if choice == '1':
        convertMK()

    elif choice == '2':
        converCF()

    elif choice == '3':
        convertGL()

    elif choice == '4':
        convertPK()

    elif choice == '5':
        convertPK()

    else:
        print("Error")


def convertMK():
    input_M = float(raw_input(("Miles: ")))
    M_conv = (M) * input_M
    print("Kilometers: %f\n" % M_conv)
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def converCF():
    input_F = float(raw_input(("Fahrenheit: ")))
    F_conv = (input_F - 32) * 5/9
    print("Celcius: %f\n") % F_conv
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def convertGL():
    input_G = float(raw_input(("Gallons: ")))
    G_conv = input_G * 3.6
    print("Centimeters: %f\n" % G_conv)
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print ("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def convertPK():
    input_P = float(raw_input(("Pounds: ")))
    P_conv = input_P * 0.45
    print("Centimeters: %f\n" % P_conv)
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print ("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def convertIC():
    input_cm = float(raw_input(("Inches: ")))
    inches_conv = input_cm * 2.54
    print("Centimeters: %f\n" % inches_conv)
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print ("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def end():
    print("This program will close.")
    exit()

intro()

Answer 2

I don't know which version of Python you are using but I tried this in Python 3 and made a few changes and it looks like it works. The raw_input function seems to be the issue here. I changed all the raw_input functions to "input()" and I also made minor changes to the printing to be compatible with Python 3. AJ Uppal is correct when he says that you shouldn't name a variable and a function with the same name. See here for reference:

TypeError: 'int' object is not callable

My code for Python 3 is as follows:

# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27097039/why-am-i-getting-a-traceback-most-recent-call-last-error

raw_input = 0
M = 1.6
# Miles to Kilometers
# Celsius Celsius = (var1 - 32) * 5/9
# Gallons to liters Gallons = 3.6
# Pounds to kilograms Pounds = 0.45
# Inches to centimete Inches = 2.54


def intro():
    print("Welcome! This program will convert measures for you.")
    main()

def main():
    print("Select operation.")
    print("1.Miles to Kilometers")
    print("2.Fahrenheit to Celsius")
    print("3.Gallons to liters")
    print("4.Pounds to kilograms")
    print("5.Inches to centimeters")

    choice = input("Enter your choice by number: ")

    if choice == '1':
        convertMK()

    elif choice == '2':
        converCF()

    elif choice == '3':
        convertGL()

    elif choice == '4':
        convertPK()

    elif choice == '5':
        convertPK()

    else:
        print("Error")


def convertMK():
    input_M = float(input(("Miles: ")))
    M_conv = (M) * input_M
    print("Kilometers: {M_conv}\n")
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def converCF():
    input_F = float(input(("Fahrenheit: ")))
    F_conv = (input_F - 32) * 5/9
    print("Celcius: {F_conv}\n")
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def convertGL():
    input_G = float(input(("Gallons: ")))
    G_conv = input_G * 3.6
    print("Centimeters: {G_conv}\n")
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print ("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def convertPK():
    input_P = float(input(("Pounds: ")))
    P_conv = input_P * 0.45
    print("Centimeters: {P_conv}\n")
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print ("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def convertIC():
    input_cm = float(input(("Inches: ")))
    inches_conv = input_cm * 2.54
    print("Centimeters: {inches_conv}\n")
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print ("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

def end():
    print("This program will close.")
    exit()

intro()

I noticed a small bug in your code as well. This function should ideally convert pounds to kilograms but it looks like when it prints, it is printing "Centimeters" instead of kilograms.

def convertPK():
    input_P = float(input(("Pounds: ")))
    P_conv = input_P * 0.45
    # Printing error in the line below
    print("Centimeters: {P_conv}\n")
    restart = str(input("Do you wish to make another conversion? [y]Yes or [n]no: "))
    if restart == 'y':
        main()
    elif restart == 'n':
        end()
    else:
        print ("I didn't quite understand that answer. Terminating.")
        main()

I hope this helps.