在Java中的通用列表中管理Abstract子类

Question

Generics and abstracts are mind boggling difficult to deal with, so bear with me while I try my best to explain the problem in a simple manner.

I have the following classes:

public class Community<T extends Person> {
    List<T> people;

    public void add(T person) {
        people.add(person);
    }

    public List<T> getPeople() {
        return people;
    }
}

public abstract class Person {}

public class Aussie extends Person {}

Here is the code to instantiate a community of Aussies:

Aussie aus1 = new Aussie();
Aussie aus2 = new Aussie();

Community<Aussie> aussieCommunity = new Community<>();
aussieCommunity.add(aus1);
aussieCommunity.add(aus2);

Now let's take a step further and say that I have multiple communities that I wish to systematically store inside a list as follow:

List<Community<?>> communities;

I hope you're still with me because here is my problem:

I need to write a code that will take the list of community and display each person's details - assuming each person's details will be accessed differently in their own class. Example: Aussie may say "Oi" as hi, American's may say "Hello" as hi.

for (Community<?> community : communities) {
    // I don't know what the type of community this is so, I use wildcard:
    List<? extends Person> people = community.getPeople();
    for (Type person : people) { // How do I specify the type of person eg Aussie/American etc here?
        // Do something
    }
}

Any suggestion on how I can specify the type of person in the second for loop?

Answer 1

Ok. Here is an small example of how it can be done:

public abstract class Person {
    public final String say(String sentance) {
        StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(sentance);
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
            String word = tokenizer.nextToken();
            String slang = getSlang(word);
            sb.append(slang != null ? slang : word);
            sb.append(tokenizer.hasMoreTokens() ? " " : "");
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    private String getSlang(String word) {
        return getSlangMap().get(word);
    }

    protected abstract Map<String, String> getSlangMap();
}


public class Aussi extends Person {
    @Override
    protected Map<String, String> getSlangMap() {
        Map<String, String> slangMap = new HashMap<>();
        slangMap.put("hi", "Oi");
        slangMap.put("there", "theeer");
        return slangMap;
    }
}

public class Swede extends Person {
    @Override
    protected Map<String, String> getSlangMap() {
        Map<String, String> slangMap = new HashMap<>();
        slangMap.put("hi", "hejsan");
        slangMap.put("there", "där");
        return slangMap;
    }
}

public class CommunityTest {
    @Test
    public void testSayHiThere() throws Exception {
        Aussi au1 = new Aussi();
        Aussi au2 = new Aussi();
        Community<Aussi> aussiCommunity = new Community<>();
        aussiCommunity.add(au1);
        aussiCommunity.add(au2);

        Swede sw1 = new Swede();
        Swede sw2 = new Swede();
        Community<Swede> swedeCommunity = new Community<>();
        swedeCommunity.add(sw1);
        swedeCommunity.add(sw2);

        List<Community<? extends Person>> communities = new ArrayList<>();
        communities.add(aussiCommunity);
        communities.add(swedeCommunity);

        for (Community<? extends Person> community : communities) {
            for (Person person : community.getPeople()) {
                System.out.println(person.say("hi there"));
            }
        }
    }
}