如何在python中读取gzip netcdf文件？

Question

I have a working python program that reads in a number of large netCDF files using the Dataset command from the netCDF4 module. Here is a snippet of the relevant parts:

from netCDF4 import Dataset
import glob

infile_root = 'start_of_file_name_'

for infile in sorted(glob.iglob(infile_root + '*')):
   ncin = Dataset(infile,'r')
   ncin.close()

I want to modify this to read in netCDF files that are gzipped. The files themselves were gzipped after creation; they are not internally compressed (ie, the files are *.nc.gz). If I were reading in gzipped text files, the command would be:

from netCDF4 import Dataset
import glob
import gzip

infile_root = 'start_of_file_name_'

for infile in sorted(glob.iglob(infile_root + '*.gz')):
   f = gzip.open(infile, 'rb')
   file_content = f.read()
   f.close()

After googling around for maybe half an hour and reading through the netCDF4 documentation, the only way I can come up with to do this for netCDF files is:

from netCDF4 import Dataset
import glob
import os

infile_root = 'start_of_file_name_'

for infile in sorted(glob.iglob(infile_root + '*.gz')):
   os.system('gzip -d ' + infile)
   ncin = Dataset(infile[:-3],'r')
   ncin.close()
   os.system('gzip ' + infile[:-3]) 

Is it possible to read gzip files with the Dataset command directly? Or without otherwise calling gzip through os?

Answer 1

Because NetCDF4-Python wraps the C NetCDF4 library, you're out of luck as far as using the gzip module to pass in a file-like object. The only option is, as suggested by @tdelaney, to use the gzip to extract to a temporary file.

If you happen to have any control over the creation of these files, NetCDF version 4 files support zlib compression internally, so that using gzip is superfluous. It might also be worth converting the files from version 3 to version 4 if you need to repeatedly process these files.

Answer 2

Reading datasets from memory is supported since netCDF4-1.2.8 ( Changelog ):

import netCDF4
import gzip

with gzip.open('test.nc.gz') as gz:
    with netCDF4.Dataset('dummy', mode='r', memory=gz.read()) as nc:
        print(nc.variables)

See the description of the memory parameter in the Dataset documentation

Answer 3

Since I just had to solve the same problem, here is a ready-made solution:

import gzip
import os
import shutil
import tempfile

import netCDF4

def open_netcdf(fname):
    if fname.endswith(".gz"):
        infile = gzip.open(fname, 'rb')
        tmp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
        shutil.copyfileobj(infile, tmp)
        infile.close()
        tmp.close()
        data = netCDF4.Dataset(tmp.name)
        os.unlink(tmp.name)
    else:
        data = netCDF4.Dataset(fname)
    return data