如何仅在某个字符串之后读取文本文件中的行？

Question

I'd like to read to a dictionary all of the lines in a text file that come after a particular string. I'd like to do this over thousands of text files.

I'm able to identify and print out the particular string ( 'Abstract' ) using the following code (gotten from this answer ):

for files in filepath:
    with open(files, 'r') as f:
        for line in f:
            if 'Abstract' in line:
                print line;

But how do I tell Python to start reading the lines that only come after the string?

Answer 1

Just start another loop when you reach the line you want to start from:

for files in filepath:
    with open(files, 'r') as f:
        for line in f:
            if 'Abstract' in line:                
                for line in f: # now you are at the lines you want
                    # do work

A file object is its own iterator, so when we reach the line with 'Abstract' in it we continue our iteration from that line until we have consumed the iterator.

A simple example:

gen = (n for n in xrange(8))

for x in gen:
    if x == 3:
        print('Starting second loop')
        for x in gen:
            print('In second loop', x)
    else:
        print('In first loop', x)

Produces:

In first loop 0
In first loop 1
In first loop 2
Starting second loop
In second loop 4
In second loop 5
In second loop 6
In second loop 7

You can also use itertools.dropwhile to consume the lines up to the point you want:

from itertools import dropwhile

for files in filepath:
    with open(files, 'r') as f:
        dropped = dropwhile(lambda _line: 'Abstract' not in _line, f)
        next(dropped, '')
        for line in dropped:
                print(line)

Answer 2

Use a boolean to ignore lines up to that point:

found_abstract = False
for files in filepath:
    with open(files, 'r') as f:
        for line in f:
            if 'Abstract' in line:
                found_abstract = True
            if found_abstract:
                #do whatever you want

Answer 3

You can use itertools.dropwhile and itertools.islice here, a pseudo-example:

from itertools import dropwhile, islice

for fname in filepaths:
    with open(fname) as fin:
        start_at = dropwhile(lambda L: 'Abstract' not in L.split(), fin)
        for line in islice(start_at, 1, None): # ignore the line still with Abstract in
            print line

Answer 4

To me, the following code is easier to understand.

with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
    while not 'Abstract' in next(f):
        pass
    for line in f:
        #line will be now the next line after the one that contains 'Abstract'

Answer 5

Just to clarify, your code already "reads" all the lines. To start "paying attention" to lines after a certain point, you can just set a boolean flag to indicate whether or not lines should be ignored, and check it at each line.

pay_attention = False
for line in f:
    if pay_attention:
        print line
    else:  # We haven't found our trigger yet; see if it's in this line
        if 'Abstract' in line:
            pay_attention = True

---

If you don't mind a little more rearranging of your code, you can also use two partial loops instead: one loop that terminates once you've found your trigger phrase ( 'Abstract' ), and one that reads all following lines. This approach is a little cleaner (and a very tiny bit faster).

for skippable_line in f:  # First skim over all lines until we find 'Abstract'.
    if 'Abstract' in skippable_line:
        break
for line in f:  # The file's iterator starts up again right where we left it.
    print line

The reason this works is that the file object returned by open behaves like a generator , rather than, say, a list: it only produces values as they are requested. So when the first loop stops, the file is left with its internal position set at the beginning of the first "unread" line. This means that when you enter the second loop, the first line you see is the first line after the one that triggered the break .

Answer 6

Making a guess as to how the dictionary is involved, I'd write it this way:

lines = dict()
for filename in filepath:
   with open(filename, 'r') as f:
       for line in f:
           if 'Abstract' in line:
               break
       lines[filename] = tuple(f)

So for each file, your dictionary contains a tuple of lines.

This works because the loop reads up to and including the line you identify, leaving the remaining lines in the file ready to be read from f .