在与C＃中的类不同的文件中包含Main（）例程

Question

I recently branched out into C# written with Visual Studio Express from C++ written with gVIM. I've been told I'll have to unlearn a lot of stuff to really use C# effectively, but here's my question:

In C++ when writing a class or data type, I would have separate files for the class definition and the driver program. I would then #include the class in the driver program in order to use it. It isn't terribly clear how to do this in Visual Studio Express 2013 and all the tutorials I've looked up have the class definition and the Main() routine in the same file.

I currently have only two files in my solution folder: the driver program p1.cs and the type definition/implementation targetInt.cs . What is the best way to allow p1.cs to work with my targetInt.cs type? Will it simply have access by virtue of being part of the same solution? If so, how to I get around not having a Main() routine in my type definition?

Here is a screenshot of the solution and the error I'm getting when I try to build the solution. I don't get an error for trying to declare a targetInt object in p1.cs which points to the namespace already being shared.

http://i793.photobucket.com/albums/yy218/tombombodil/solution_zps6a743e2d.png

Let me know if I need to clarify anything.

Answer 1

The problem as you've written boils down to the simple lack of shared namespaces - because targetInit exists in a separate namespace, Program needs a using targetInit.cs to access the targetInit type. They can, however, access each other by virtue of being in the same project - a Solution can contain multiple Projects, and if they don't reference each other, they can't access each other's types.

Usually, the naemspace of any given class is actually the folder path to it, and the class name is the same as the file name (which Visual Studio does for you when you make new class files).

As for the Main() definition, you only want one of these since you only have a single entry point for the system to jump to when your program begins - having multiple Main() functions doesn't make much sense when the OS needs a clear place to begin execution.

The Main() method and class definitions sitting in the same file is a convenience so all the code can be read together - to get an idea for how actual projects are set up, trying going to GitHub and forking a couple of open-source projects.

Answer 2

It's really not terribly complicated, but it is different from C++. So if you have one file that looks something like this:

namespace MyNamespace
{
    public class MyClass
    {
        //...stuff
    }
}

And then you want another file with your Main (which you will for anything more than a trivially simple project), it would look something like this:

using MyNamespace;   // unless you use the same namespace for both

namespace SomeOtherNamespace
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var c = new MyClass();
            // alternatively, without the using statement, you can just fully qualify 
            // your class name like so:
            // var c = new MyNamespace.MyClass();
        }
    }
}

But do note that the files need to be in the same project . If they are in different projects you can still do it, but you have to add a reference to the project with MyClass to the project with Program . What you can't do is just have an orphaned C# file floating around in your solution and expect it to work.

Answer 3

there are two approaches to use another class in C# directly:
1-putting that class in the same namespace of my class(even if they were in separate files), this code clarify this:

//file TargetInt.cs
namespace MyNameSpace
{
    class TargetInt
    {
    }
}  
//file p1.cs
namespace MyNameSpace
{
    class p1
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
        }
    }
}

notice that both classes are in MyNameSpace namespace.
2-if the other class is contained within another namespace, you can simply use it by declaring this statement in the upper beginning of the file:

//file TargetInt.cs
namespace OtherNameSpace
{
    class TargetInt
    {
    }
}
//file p1.cs
using OtherNameSpace;
namespace MyNameSpace
{
    class p1
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
        }
    }
}

with using OtherNameSpace; you can use TargetInt class directly.