Push in Vaadin 7 app（“@Push”）的最小例子

Question

I want to see the most minimal example of using the new Push technology in Vaadin 7, such as the new @Push annotation.

I am having problems getting server-push to work in my app. I would like to try a simple example app before trying to fix my own app.

Answer 1

Simplification Of Example In The Book Of Vaadin

The Book Of Vaadin includes a chapter on Push, including an example using Vaadin Charts .

Below is my code. While based on that Vaadin Charts example mentioned above, I simplified it by replacing the use of a Chart object with a simple Label object. The Label updates every second or so to tell you the current time.

For Example Use Only – Use an Executor in real-world project

Caveat: My example below is built for simplicity, not intended as production code . Sleeping a thread is a crude and awkward way to manage scheduled threaded work. Java provides the Executor facility for this kind of work. In a real-world project I would use a ScheduledExecutorService rather than a single sleeping Thread object to schedule our task (of telling time). Related tip: Never use a Timer in a Servlet environment. For a fuller and more real-world example, see my Answer to a similar Question about Push with Vaadin.

I took other shortcuts in this example, such as: I place the Label widget directly on the UI whereas real-world work would use a Layout to contain the Label .

My Configuration

My code is using Vaadin 7.3.7 with Java 8 Update 25 in NetBeans 8.0.2 and Tomcat 8.0.15 on Mac OS X 10.8.5 (Mountain Lion).

Push technology is relatively new, especially the WebSocket variety. Be sure to use recent versions of your web server, such as recent updates to Tomcat 7 or 8.

How To Use This Example

This code is a single file, the MyUI.java file. To use this code:

1. Create a new default Vaadin app in your IDE of choice.
2. Get that example running successfully, before modifying.
3. Replace the contents of MyUI class with the code below.

@Push Annotation

Beside the code in the middle, note how we added the @Push annotation to the MyUI class definition.

Example Code

package com.example.pushvaadinapp;

import com.vaadin.annotations.Push;
import com.vaadin.annotations.Theme;
import com.vaadin.annotations.VaadinServletConfiguration;
import com.vaadin.annotations.Widgetset;
import com.vaadin.server.VaadinRequest;
import com.vaadin.server.VaadinServlet;
import com.vaadin.ui.Label;
import com.vaadin.ui.UI;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

/**
 * © 2014 Basil Bourque. This source code may be used freely forever by anyone absolving me of any and all responsibility.
 *
 *  +----------------------------+
 *  |  NOT FOR PRODUCTION USE!   |
 *  +----------------------------+
 *     Sleeping threads is an awkward way to manage scheduled background work.
 *     By the way, never use a 'Timer' in a Servlet environment. 
 *     Use an Executor instead, probably a ScheduledExecutorService.
 */
@Push
@Theme ( "mytheme" )
@Widgetset ( "com.example.pushvaadinapp.MyAppWidgetset" )
public class MyUI extends UI
{

    Label label = new Label( "Now : " );

    @Override
    protected void init ( VaadinRequest vaadinRequest )
    {
        // Put a widget on this UI. In real work we would use a Layout.
        setContent( this.label );

        // Start the data feed thread
        new FeederThread().start();
    }

    @WebServlet ( urlPatterns = "/*" , name = "MyUIServlet" , asyncSupported = true )
    @VaadinServletConfiguration ( ui = MyUI.class , productionMode = false )
    public static class MyUIServlet extends VaadinServlet
    {
    }

    public void tellTime ()
    {
        label.setValue( "Now : " + new java.util.Date() ); // If Java 8, use: Instant.now(). Or, in Joda-Time: DateTime.now().
    }

    class FeederThread extends Thread
    {

        int count = 0;

        @Override
        public void run ()
        {
            try {
                // Update the data for a while
                while ( count < 100 ) {
                    Thread.sleep( 1000 );

                    // Calling special 'access' method on UI object, for inter-thread communication.
                    access( new Runnable()
                    {
                        @Override
                        public void run ()
                        {
                            count ++;
                            tellTime();
                        }
                    } );
                }

                // Inform that we have stopped running
                // Calling special 'access' method on UI object, for inter-thread communication.
                access( new Runnable()
                {
                    @Override
                    public void run ()
                    {
                        label.setValue( "Done." );
                    }
                } );
            } catch ( InterruptedException e ) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 2

Here is a simple but full Vaadin 8 example that demonstrates how to use server push and Java EE messaging APIs to send messages between different UIs using the Broadcaster pattern described in Vaadin docs . If you are not interested in messaging or broadcasting to other users, then look at ReceiveMessageUI only.

In principle it all boils down to the following:

1. Annotate the Vaadin UI with @Push to enable server push (by default over a WebSocket connection)

2. Wrap UI updates with access() when accessing it from other threads, sending updates happens automatically by default:

    getUI().access(() -> layout.addComponent(new Label("Hello!"))); 

3. Use the Broadcaster pattern to publish messages to other users and to subscribe to their messages.