[英]error when trying to overload << operator and using friend function
I am trying to overload << operator and using friend function. 我试图重载<<运算符,并使用朋友功能。 Below code chunk works just fine.
下面的代码块工作正常。
template <class T>
class Mystack{
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Mystack<T> const& d)
{
d.print(s);
return s;
}
};
Since it is friend function I would obviously want to define it outside the class without using scope resolution operator. 由于它是朋友函数,我显然希望在类之外定义它而不使用范围解析运算符。 But when I try that I get error.
但是当我尝试时,我得到了错误。
template <class T>
class Mystack{
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Mystack<T> const& d);
};
template <class T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Mystack<T> const& d)
{
d.print(s);
return s;
}
Below is the code snippet for main 以下是main的代码段
Mystack<int> intstack;
std::cout << intstack;
ERROR : Unresolved extrernal symbol. 错误 :外部符号未解析。
PS: Its not the complete running code. PS:它不是完整的运行代码。 Just a sample.
只是一个样本。 Kindly bear.
请忍受。
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Mystack<T> const& d);
declares and befriends a non-template operator<<
function. 声明非模板
operator<<
函数并与之成为朋友。 So Mystack<int>
would have as its friend a non-template function std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Mystack<int> const& d);
因此
Mystack<int>
将具有一个非模板函数std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Mystack<int> const& d);
作为其朋友std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Mystack<int> const& d);
, etc. 等
template<class T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Mystack<T> const& d)
{
d.print(s);
return s;
}
defines an operator<<
function template. 定义一个
operator<<
功能模板。
The two are not the same. 两者不一样。 When you write
std::cout << intstack;
当你写
std::cout << intstack;
, the overload resolution rules resolve it to the non-template operator<<
function you declared, but it isn't defined, so you get a linker error. ,重载解析规则会将其解析为您声明的非模板
operator<<
函数,但未定义该函数,因此会出现链接器错误。
There's no way to define a non-template function for every instantiation of a class template outside the class template. 无法为类模板之外的每个类模板实例化定义非模板函数。 You can, however, befriend a specialization of your
operator<<
function template: 但是,您可以成为您的
operator<<
功能模板的专业人士的朋友:
// forward declarations
template <class T>
class Mystack;
template <class T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Mystack<T> const& d);
template <class T>
class Mystack
{
friend std::ostream& operator<< <T>(std::ostream& s, Mystack<T> const& d);
// ^^^
};
or befriend every specialization of the function template, which is worse from an encapsulation point of view (since, eg, operator<< <int>
would be a friend of Mystack<float>
): 或与功能模板的每个专业化做朋友,这从封装的角度来看更糟(因为,例如,
operator<< <int>
将是Mystack<float>
的朋友):
template <class T>
class Mystack
{
public:
template <class U>
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Mystack<U> const& d);
};
or just define the friend function inside the class. 或者只是在类中定义friend函数。
声明:本站的技术帖子网页,遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议,如果您需要转载,请注明本站网址或者原文地址。任何问题请咨询:yoyou2525@163.com.