使用Python代替AppleScript

Question

I often use Applescript to accomplish basic tasks like opening and closing programs, sometimes going a little more in-depth like running a specific Xcode program's unit tests. I'm learning Python, and I love it. I haven't been able to find much documentation relating AppleScript to Python. My question is: On Mac OS X, can Python be used in place of AppleScript to accomplish the tasks mentioned above? And if so, does anyone know of a good resource to learn more about the topic?

Answer 1

Python can't be used to replace the UI & automation duties that AppleScript offers. However since OS X 10.10 (Yosemite) JavaScript can also be used.

See here: https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/releasenotes/InterapplicationCommunication/RN-JavaScriptForAutomation/index.html

Answer 2

To avoid all the out-dated and so-called "crappy" modules including PyObjC, one can simply debug a script in the Script Editor or Script Debugger (my choice) and then execute it using osascript via Popen. I prefer this so I can ensure the idiosyncrasies of the applications implementation are worked around and Script Debugger has great debugging and browsing tools.

For example:

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE

def get_front_win_id():
    """
    Get window id of front Chrome browser window
    """
    script = '''
        on run {}
            set winID to 0
            tell application "Google Chrome"
                set winID to id of front window
                return winID
            end tell
        end run
    '''
    args = []
    p = Popen(['/usr/bin/osascript', '-'] + args,
              stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
    stdout, stderr = p.communicate(script)
    winID = stdout.strip()
    return int(winID)

Pass args in a list to osascript but they have to be strings so complex data structures can be tedious to marshal and and unmarshal but there is a price for the simplicity. I left off error checking and exception handling/raising for simplicity. TANSTAAFL

Answer 3

不能真正替代它，但是有一个包装器可用： https : //pypi.python.org/pypi/py-applescript/1.0.0 ...因此您可以在python程序中与它进行交互。

Answer 4

With Cocoa you can send events directly using AESendMessage. It is a lot more work though. Here is a gist which provides an example:

https://gist.github.com/pudquick/9683c333e73a82379b8e377eb2e6fc41

Answer 5

While you can produce convoluted python that invokes the same Apple Events as AppleScript, some things are handled more easily in AppleScript.

It's easy enough to execute some AS in python though:

from Foundation import NSAppleScript
textOfMyScript = """
   *(Your AppleScript Here)*
"""
myScript = NSAppleScript.initWithSource_(NSAppleScript.alloc(), textOfMyScript)
results, err = myScript.executeAndReturnError_(None)

The results are an NSAppleEventDescriptor, if you need to get data out.