Bash脚本 - 反引号/ grep正则表达式字符串中的变量扩展

Question

I'm trying to expand a variable in my bash script inside of the backticks, inside of the regex search string.

I want the $VAR to be substituted.

The lines I am matching are like:

start ....some characters..... id: .....some characters..... [variable im searching for] ....some characters.... end

var=`grep -E '^.*id:.*$VAR.*$' ./input_file.txt`

Is this a possibility?

It doesn't seem to work. I know I can normally expand a variable with "$VAR" , but won't this just search directly for those characters inside the regex? I am not sure what takes precedence here.

Answer 1

Variables do expand in backticks but they don't expand in single quotes.

So you need to either use double quotes for your regex string (I'm not sure what your concern with that is about) or use both quotes.

So either

var=`grep -E "^.*id:.*$VAR.*$" ./input_file.txt`

or

var=`grep -E '^.*id:.*'"$VAR"'.*$' ./input_file.txt`

Also you might want to use $(grep ...) instead of backticks since they are the more modern approach and have better syntactic properties as well as being able to be nested.

Answer 2

You need to have the expression in double quotes (and, then, escape anything which needs to be escaped) in order for the variable to be interpolated.

var=$(grep -E "^.*id:.*$VAR.*\$" ./input_file.txt)

(The backslash is not strictly necessary here, but I put it in to give you an idea. Your real expression is perhaps more complex.)