Linux / Ubuntu为sh文件创建可执行命令

Question

I would like to create executable command for Ubuntu.

I have /dir/bin/start.sh

I can execute it this way

./dir/bin/start.sh

But I was wondering how to put it to Ubuntu configuration or something, so it will be possible to invoke it from shell with just

start

Answer 1

You can do this by either:

• Add the directory of the command to the $PATH variable, thus:

   export PATH=$PATH:/dir/bin 

  To do this persistent, you must add this line to the ~/.profile file:

    echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/dir/bin' >> ~/.profile 

• Create a shortcut (for instance with ln -s '/dir/bin/start.sh' start ) in a directory that is added to the path;

   cd <pathdirectory> ln -s '/dir/bin/start.sh' start 

• Create an alias so that the shell simply replaces the command:

   echo 'alias start=./dir/bin/start.sh' >> ~/.profile 

---

How/Why does this work

If you type a command in the shell, it will first look for aliases, and replace the aliases. So if you have defined an alias for start , it will simply replace is by ./dir/bin/start.sh ; so as if you have written it yourself.

Next the shell will try to find the interpretation of the command. If the command is a file (for instance by using a alias), the file is executed. Otherwise, the system falls back on $PATH s.

$PATH s is a sequence of paths where the system searches for a file with that name. It searches the paths in that order and searches through all the files for a file with the same name. If such file exists, it runs that file.

You can thus do a few things:

• Place such program in the directory; but that's not really a nice option, because different projects are then grouped together;
• Use a shortcut (the ln solution), in that case you only add a "representative" in the path folder;
• Extend the number of paths by performing the PATH=$PATH:/dir/bin , so that it will search your project as well.