pip如何确定python软件包版本

Question

When I use pip to install a package from source, it will generates a version number for the package which I can see using 'pip show '. But I can't find out how that version number is generated and I can't find the version string from the source code. Can someone tell me how the version is generated?

Answer 1

The version number that pip uses comes from the setup.py (if you pip install a file, directory, repo, etc.) and/or the information in the PyPI index (if you pip install a package name). (Since these two must be identical, it doesn't really matter which.)

It's recommended that packages make the same string available as a __version__ attribute on their top-level module/package(s) at runtime that they put in their setup, but that isn't required, and not every package does.

And if the package doesn't expose its version, there's really no way for you to get it. (Well, unless you want to grub through the pip data trying to figure out which package owns a module and then get its version.)

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Here's an example:

In the source code for bs4 (BeautifulSoup4), the setup.py file has this line:

version = "4.3.2",

That's the version that's used, directly or indirectly, by pip .

Then, inside bs4/__init__.py , there's this line:

__version__ = "4.3.2"

That means that Leonard Richardson is a nice guy who follows the recommendations, so I can import bs4; print(bs4.__version__) import bs4; print(bs4.__version__) and get back the same version string that pip show beautifulsoup4 gives me.

But, as you can see, they're two completely different strings in completely different files. If he wasn't nice, they could be totally different, or the second one could be missing, or named something different.

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The OpenStack people came up with a nifty library named PBR that helps you manage version numbers. You can read the linked doc page for the full details, but the basic idea is that it either generates the whole version number for you out of git, or verifies your specified version number (in the metadata section of setup.cfg ) and appends the dev build number out of git. (This relies on you using Semantic Versioning in your git repo.)

Answer 2

For more complicated strings such as 4.0.0rc1 , they are usually hand edited in the PKG-INFO file. Such as:

# cat ./<package-name>.egg-info/PKG-INFO 
...
Version: 4.0.0rc1
...

This make it unfeasible to obtain it from within any python code.