原子地读取非原子变量？

Question

I have a non-atomic 62-bit double which is incremented in one thread regularly. This access does not need to be atomic. However, this variable is occasionally read (not written) by another thread. If I align the variable on a 64-bit boundary the read is atomic.

However, is there any way I can ensure I do not read the variable mid-way during the increment? Could I call a CPU instruction which serialises the pipeline or something? Memory barrier?

I thought of declaring the variable atomic and using std::memory_order::memory_order_relaxed in my critical thread (and a stricter memory barrier in the rare thread), but it seems to be just as expensive.

Answer 1

Since you tagged x86, this will be x86-specific.

An increment is essentially three parts, read, add, write. The increment is not atomic, but all three steps (the add doesn't count I suppose, it's not observable anyway) of it are as long as the variable does not cross a cache line boundary (this condition is weaker than having to be aligned to its natural alignment, it has been like this as of P6, before that quadwords had to be aligned).

So you already can't read a torn value. The worst you could do is overwrite the variable in between the moments where it is read and the new value is written, but you're only reading it.