找不到C中的getrandom系统调用

Question

The problem was resolved by upgrading the C library.

---

I would like to use the syscall getrandom ( http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getrandom.2.html )

gcc-5 -std=c11 test.c

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>

int main(void)
{
        void *buf = NULL;
        size_t l = 5;
        unsigned int o = 1;
        int r = syscall(SYS_getrandom, buf, l, o);
        return 0;
}

or

 int main(void)
    {
            void *buf = NULL;
            size_t l = 5;
            unsigned int o = 1;
            int r = getrandom(buf, l, o);
            return 0;
    }

Anyway when I try to compile it with gcc-5:

test.c: In function ‘main’:
test.c:14:17: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘getrandom’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
         int r = getrandom(buf, l, o);
                 ^
/tmp/ccqFdJAJ.o: In function `main':
test.c:(.text+0x36): undefined reference to `getrandom'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

I am using Ubuntu 14.04, what can I do to use getrandom? As it is a "new" syscall, how can I use it?

edit:

uname -r
-> 4.0.3-040003-generic #201505131441 SMP Wed May 13 13:43:16 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

when I replace r by int r = syscall(SYS_getrandom, buf, l, o); or r = getrandom(buf, l, o) it is the same..

Answer 1

So, it seems that getrandom is not a function, just a syscall.

Hence this is needed:

/* Note that this define is required for syscalls to work. */
#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <linux/random.h>

int main(int arg, char *argv[])
{
        void *buf = NULL;
        size_t l = 5;
        unsigned int o = 1;
        int r = syscall(SYS_getrandom, buf, l, o);
        return 0;
}

Answer 2

The getrandom() syscall was introduced in the linux kernel 3.17. Ubuntu 14.04 gets shipped with kernel 3.13, so you have to update to a more recent kernel to get the syscall.

To get .deb packages of the linux kernel for Ubuntu, have a look at kernel.ubuntu.com . This problem was also discussed at askubuntu.com .

Answer 3

getrandom and getentropy were added to glibc in version 2.25 . As of July 2017, most Linux distributions have not yet updated to this version (eg Debian's most recent release, which just came out, has 2.24) but they should soon.

Here is how to use the glibc wrappers if available and fall back to the raw system call if not:

#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#if defined __GLIBC__ && defined __linux__

# if __GLIBC__ > 2 || __GLIBC_MINOR__ > 24
#  include <sys/random.h>

int
my_getentropy(void *buf, size_t buflen)
{
    return getentropy(buf, buflen);
}

# else /* older glibc */
#  include <sys/syscall.h>
#  include <errno.h>

int
my_getentropy(void *buf, size_t buflen)
{
    if (buflen > 256) {
        errno = EIO;
        return -1;
    }
    return syscall(SYS_getrandom, buf, buflen, 0);
}

# endif

#else /* not linux or not glibc */
#error "Need implementation for whatever operating system this is"

#endif

(As pointed out in other answers, it is also necessary to ensure you have kernel 3.17 or newer. Both the above versions of my_getentropy will fail and set errno to ENOSYS if run on an older kernel.)

Answer 4

I think with your program you will get a segmentation fault. The following code should work:

#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <linux/random.h>

int main() {
  unsigned long int s;
  syscall(SYS_getrandom, &s, sizeof(unsigned long int), 0);
  std::cout << "The seed is: " << s << "." << std::endl;
}

Answer 5

Here, I compiled some code shown before, and corrected the bugs, included is my output from gcc -v for comparison.

// $ gcc -v
// Using built-in specs.
// COLLECT_GCC=gcc
// COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/lto-wrapper
// Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
// Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu
//   5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.9' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-5/README.Bugs
//   --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr
//   --program-suffix=-5 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id
//   --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix
//   --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu
//   --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes
//   --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object
//   --disable-vtable-verify --enable-libmpx --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib
//   --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo
//   --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64/jre --enable-java-home
//   --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64
//   --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64
//   --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar
//   --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686
//   --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib
//   --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu
//   --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
// Thread model: posix
// gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.9)

//#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <stdio.h>

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <linux/random.h>

int main (int arg, char **argv)
{
  size_t length = 5;
  unsigned char buf[length];
  int r = syscall(SYS_getrandom, buf, length, 0);

  if (r != 0)
  {
    int iIter;
    printf ("random %zu bytes = ",length);
    for (iIter = 0 ; iIter < length-1 ; iIter++)
    {
      printf ("%02x:", buf[iIter]);
    }
    printf ("%02x\n", buf[iIter]);
  }
  else
  {
    perror ("syscall (SYS_getrandom, ...)");
  }
  return 0;
}