从NLTK for Python中的同义词列表中提取单词

Question

Using this [x for x in wn.all_synsets('n')] I am able to get a list allnouns with all nouns from Wordnet with help from NLTK.

The list allnouns looks like this Synset('pile.n.01'), Synset('compost_heap.n.01'), Synset('mass.n.03') and so on. Now I am able to get any element by using allnouns[2] and this should be Synset('mass.n.03') .

I would like to extract only the word mass but for some reason I cannot treat it like a string and everything I try shows a AttributeError: 'Synset' object has no attribute or TypeError: 'Synset' object is not subscriptable or <bound method Synset.name of Synset('mass.n.03')> if I try to use .name or .pos

Answer 1

How about trying this solution:

>>>> from nltk.corpus import wordnet as wn
>>>> wn.synset('mass.n.03').name().split(".")[0]
'mass'

For your case:

>>>> allnouns = [x for x in wn.all_synsets('n')]  

The item at 23rd index is "Synset('substance.n.07')". Now, you can extract its name field like

>>>> allnouns[23].name().split(".")[0]
'substance'   #output

If you want only the 'name' fields of the synsets of 'noun' category in the list, then use:

>>>> [x.name().split(".")[0] for x in wn.all_synsets('n')]

should exactly give the result you need.

Note: In wordnet, name is not an attribute rather it is a function!

Answer 2

Using Synset.names() to get the canonical lemma name of the synset:

>>> from nltk.corpus import wordnet as wn
>>> wn.synsets('mass', 'n')
[Synset('mass.n.01'), Synset('batch.n.02'), Synset('mass.n.03'), Synset('mass.n.04'), Synset('mass.n.05'), Synset('multitude.n.03'), Synset('bulk.n.02'), Synset('mass.n.08'), Synset('mass.n.09')]
>>> wn.synsets('mass', 'n')[0]
Synset('mass.n.01')
>>> wn.synsets('mass', 'n')[0].name()
u'mass.n.01'
>>> wn.synsets('mass', 'n')[0].name().split('.')[0]
u'mass'

But do note that sometimes a synset is made up of several lemmas, so you should use Synset.lemma_names() to access all lemmas if you're using the surface word form of a synset:

>>> wn.synsets('mass', 'n')[0].lemmas()
[Lemma('mass.n.01.mass')]
>>> wn.synsets('mass', 'n')[0].lemma_names()
[u'mass']
>>> wn.synsets('mass', 'n')[0].definition()
u'the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field'

In the wn.synsets('mass', 'n')[0] case there's only 1 lemma attached to the synset. But sometimes there's more than one, eg

>>> wn.synsets('mass', 'n')[1].lemma_names()
[u'batch', u'deal', u'flock', u'good_deal', u'great_deal', u'hatful', u'heap', u'lot', u'mass', u'mess', u'mickle', u'mint', u'mountain', u'muckle', u'passel', u'peck', u'pile', u'plenty', u'pot', u'quite_a_little', u'raft', u'sight', u'slew', u'spate', u'stack', u'tidy_sum', u'wad']
>>> wn.synsets('mass', 'n')[1].definition()
u"(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent"

And to exact all list of words in wordnet, you can try:

>>> from itertools import chain
>>> set(chain(*[i.lemma_names() for i in wn.all_synsets('n')]))
>>> len(set(chain(*[i.lemma_names() for i in wn.all_synsets('n')])))
119034

See Making a flat list out of list of lists in Python