[英]C++ static_cast and dynamic_cast of polymorphic classes using unique_ptr
I was practicing static_cast and dynamic_cast on polymorphic classes in C++. 我在C ++中的多态类上练习static_cast和dynamic_cast。 I tried it using both raw pointers and unique_ptr. 我尝试使用原始指针和unique_ptr。 While the former doesn't create problems, the later does. 前者不会造成问题,而后者会造成问题。 Here I present my code:- 在这里,我介绍我的代码:-
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <exception>
#include <stdexcept>
using namespace std;
class A
{
int a, id=0;
static int i;
public:
A()
{
id=++i;
cout<<"constructing A: "<<id<<"\n";
}
virtual void get()
{
cout<<"enter a: ";
cin>>a;
}
virtual void disp()
{
cout<<"a = "<<a<<"\n";
}
virtual ~A()
{
cout<<"destroying A: "<<id<<"\n";
}
};
int A::i=0;
class B: public A
{
int b;
public:
B()
{
cout<<"constructing B\n";
}
void get()
{
cout<<"enter b: ";
cin>>b;
}
void disp()
{
cout<<"b = "<<b<<"\n";
}
~B()
{
cout<<"destroying B\n";
}
};
void show (unique_ptr<B> &p)
{
p->get();
p->disp();
}
void d_cast (unique_ptr<A> &pa)
{
unique_ptr<B> pb;
try
{
pb.reset(dynamic_cast<B*>(pa.release()));
if (pb==nullptr)
throw runtime_error {"nullptr exception"};
show(pb);
cout<<"dynamic_cast successful\n\n";
}
catch (exception &e)
{
cout<<"dynamic_cast unsuccessful: "<<e.what()<<"\n\n";
}
pa.reset(pb.release());
}
void s_cast (unique_ptr<A> &pa)
{
unique_ptr<B> pb;
try
{
pb.reset(static_cast<B*>(pa.release()));
if (pb==nullptr)
throw runtime_error {"nullptr exception"};
show(pb);
cout<<"static_cast successful\n\n";
}
catch (exception &e)
{
cout<<"static_cast unsuccessful: "<<e.what()<<"\n\n";
}
pa.reset(pb.release());
}
int main()
{
cout<<R"(using "unique_ptr<A> pa with new A" :-)"<<"\n\n";
unique_ptr<A> pa(new A); // (1)
d_cast(pa);
s_cast(pa); // (2)
cout<<"\n"<<R"(using "unique_ptr<A> pa with new B" :-)"<<"\n\n";
pa.reset(new B);
d_cast(pa);
s_cast(pa);
return 0;
}
The output of the code is:- 代码的输出是:-
using "unique_ptr<A> pa with new A" :-
constructing A: 1
dynamic_cast unsuccessful: nullptr exception
static_cast unsuccessful: nullptr exception
using "unique_ptr<A> pa with new B" :-
constructing A: 2
constructing B
enter b: 7
b = 7
dynamic_cast successful
enter b: 8
b = 8
static_cast successful
destroying B
destroying A: 2
I have only 2 questions as I have marked already:- 我已经标记了两个问题:-
Why isn't the first object {denoted by (1)} destroyed whereas the one called with "new B" is destroyed ? 为什么第一个对象(由(1)表示)没有被销毁,而被“新B”调用的对象却被销毁了呢?
Why is (2) throwing the exception ? 为什么(2)抛出异常? Interestingly if i reverse the positioning of s_cast(pa)
and d_cast(pa)
then (2) doesn't throw any exception and works fine (problem (1) still persists however). 有趣的是,如果我反转s_cast(pa)
和d_cast(pa)
的位置,则(2)不会抛出任何异常并且工作正常(问题(1)仍然存在)。
Ok ! 好 ! So you need to change your function d_cast
function definition like this:- 因此,您需要像下面这样更改函数d_cast
函数定义:-
void d_cast (unique_ptr<A> &pa)
{
unique_ptr<B> pb;
A *aptr=pa.release(); // make a pointer of type A
try
{
pb.reset(dynamic_cast<B*>(aptr)); // assign aptr instead of pa.release() here
if (pb==nullptr)
throw runtime_error {"nullptr exception"};
show(pb);
cout<<"dynamic_cast successful\n\n";
pa.reset(pb.release()); // reset pa with pb.release() and not with aptr becomes pb has the ownership of aptr
}
catch (exception &e)
{
cout<<"dynamic_cast unsuccessful: "<<e.what()<<"\n\n";
pa.reset(aptr); // reset aptr back to pa as pb holds no ownership of aptr
}
}
As you must be knowing the d_cast
would fail and thus the expression of dynamic_cast<B*>(pointer_of_type_A)
would return nullptr
. 您必须知道d_cast
将会失败,因此dynamic_cast<B*>(pointer_of_type_A)
的表达式将返回nullptr
。 If there would have been a reference instead of pointer then std::bad_cast
exception would be thrown. 如果存在引用而不是指针,则将引发std::bad_cast
异常。 But because you are using the release()
function, the unique_ptr object pa
gets rid of the ownership of the pointer and there is no object or pointer to trace it back. 但是由于使用的是release()
函数,unique_ptr对象pa
摆脱了指针的所有权,并且没有对象或指针可以对其进行追溯。 Thus you should use A *aptr
to hold the released pointer and return it to pa
if the casting fails. 因此,您应该使用A *aptr
来保存释放的指针,如果转换失败,则将其返回到pa
。
If you do so, your both problems are solved 如果这样做,两个问题都可以解决
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