如何在 Gnome 中分发 Python 包的 `.desktop` 文件和图标（使用 distutils 或 setuptools）？

Question

Currently I'm using the auto-tools to build/install and package a project of mine, but I would really like to move to something that feels more "pythonic".

My project consists of two scripts, one module, two glade GUI descriptions, and two .desktop files. It's currently a pure python project, though that's likely to change soon-ish.

Looking at setuptools I can easily see how to deal with everything except the .desktop files; they have to end up in a specific directory so that Gnome can find them.

Is using distuils/setuptools a good idea to begin with?

Answer 1

I managed to get this to work, but it kinda feels to me more like a workaround .

Don't know what's the preferred way to handle this...

I used the following setup.py file (full version is here ):

from setuptools import setup

setup(
  # ...
  data_files=[
    ('share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps', ['data/mypackage.svg']),
    ('share/applications', ['data/mypackage.desktop'])
  ],
  entry_points={
    'console_scripts': ['startit=mypackage.cli:run']
  }
)

The starter script trough entry_points works. But the data_files where put in an egg file and not in the folders specified, so they can't be accessed by the desktop shell.

To work around this, I used the following setup.cfg file:

[install]
single-version-externally-managed=1
record=install.txt

This works. Both data files are created in the right place and the .desktop file is recognized by Gnome.

Answer 2

You can try to use python-distutils-extra . The DistUtilsExtra.auto module automatically supports .desktop files, as well as Glade/GtkBuilder .ui files, Python modules and scripts, misc data files, etc.

It should work both with Distutils and Setuptools.

Answer 3

I've created https://pypi.python.org/pypi/install-freedesktop . It creates .desktop files automatically for the gui_scripts entry points, which can be customized through a setup argument, and supports --user as well as system-wide installation. Compared to DistUtilsExtra , it's more narrow in scope and IMHO more pythonic (explicit is better than implicit).

Answer 4

In general, yes - everything is better than autotools when building Python projects.

I have good experiences with setuptools so far. However, installing files into fixed locations is not a strength of setuptools - after all, it's not something to build installaters for Python apps, but distribute Python libraries.

For the installation of files which are not application data files (like images, UI files etc) but provide integration into the operating system, you are better off with using a real packaging format (like RPM or deb).

That said, nothing stops you from having the build process based on setuptools and a small make file for installing everything into its rightful place.