Python：为什么说我的方法没有明确定义？

Question

class GameMech:
    def __init__(self ,aCharacter):
        print("A battle is starting")
    def getMP(self, aCharacter):
        return aCharacter.mp
    def getHP(aCharacter):
        return aCharacter.hp
    def getAtk(aCharacter):
        return aCharacter.atk
    def getDef(aCharacter):
        return aCharacter.defense
    def usePotion(aCharacter):
        aCharacter.hp += 100
        return aCharacter.hp
    def useSpecial(self, aCharacter, target):
        if aCharacter.mp >= 100:
            target.hp -= 45

    def dead(self, aCharacter):
        return aCharacter.name +" is now dead"
    def attack(self, aCharacter, target):
        if target.hp - (aCharacter.atk/aCharacter.defense) <= 0:
            dead(target)
        else:
            target.hp - aCharacter.atk/aCharacter.defense
            print(getHP(target))
    def guard(self, aCharacter):
        print(aCharacter + "was unharmed")
        if aCharacter.hp <= 50:
            retaliation(aCharacter, target)
    def retaliation(self ,aCharacter, target):
        target.hp - (aCharacter.atk/10)
        print(getHP(target))

    def battleMenu(aNumber, self):
        if aNumber == 1:
            attack(aCharacter, target)
        if aNumber == 2:
            guard(aCharacter)
            print(aCharacter + " was unharmed!")
        if aNumber == 3:
            useSpecial(aCharacter, target)
            print(getHP(target))
        if aNumber == 4:
            heal = useItem(aCharacter)
            print(heal)

    def myTurn(self):
        print("ATTACK")
        print("GUARD")
        print("SPECIAL")
        print("ITEM")
        aNumber = int(input("What would you like to do? "))
        battleMenu(aNumber)

    def oppTurn(self):
        print("It is the opponent's turn")
        randomNum = random.randint(1,4)
        battleMenu(randomNum)

a few notes, obviously due to this formatting you can't tell that all my methods are actually under the class, but they are. you can ignore the first few parts, the part im focusing on is battle menu. So i'm creating a little text game as a project for myself, pure leisure nothing academic or for a job. Just a little game for myself to help me jog my memory in regards to python. So that's where the gut of my game is, the character class is an another file and there's nothing important in there just the attributes of character (hp, mp, atk, def) here's the main

import random
import character
import battle



#create a battle menu
#and a character value check menu
#add buttons




def main():
char1 = character.Character("Charlie", 5000, 2000, 1500, 750)
char2 = character.Character("Mark", 2000, 4000, 2000, 900)

newGame = battle.GameMech(char1)
while char1.hp != 0 or char2.hp != 0:
    newGame.myTurn()
    newGame.oppTurn()

main() (not sure why it's not including the definition of my main in the code snippet) Any how I'm getting this error saying "name 'battleMenu' is not defined". Name usually applies to variables correct? But battleMenu is a method is there a reason i'm getting this error?

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "E:\PythonGame\mainGame.py", line 22, in <module>
  main()
File "E:\PythonGame\mainGame.py", line 20, in main
  newGame.myTurn()
File "E:\PythonGame\battle.py", line 55, in myTurn
  battleMenu(self,aNumber)
NameError: name 'battleMenu' is not defined

Answer 1

To call a method, you need to mention the instance you're calling it on, so you need to do self.battleMenu() . You need to make similar changes for all of the method calls in your code. You also need to add a self argument to all your methods so that these changes will work. You also need to read the Python tutorial to get an understanding of Python basics.

Answer 2

self.battleMenu(...)  # note the "self" here

Answer 3

You are calling it wrongly, def battleMenu(aNumber): , your function is not defined as an instance function, neither as a static method, If you want a static function you should first annotate the method as a static one , by using @staticmethod annotation.

Then call your function as - GameMech.battleMenu(random) .

If you want it to be an instance function, change the definition to def battleMenu(self, aNumber): and then check.