如何用另一个文件（数组）分配的变量替换一个文件中的字符串？

Question

I have two files and I would like to use one to replace strings in another file. The first (Names.txt) looks like this:

S_AA_45_biomass[c]  AA-biomass_c    
S_B10[c]    L-Isoleucine-biomass_c  
S_B11[c]    L-Leucine-biomass_c 
S_B12[c]    L-Lysine-biomass_c  
S_B13[c]    L-Methionine-biomass_c  
S_B14[c]    L-Phenylalanine-biomass_c
S_cpd00322[c]   L-Isoleucine_c  

where column 1 corresponds to the strings in the second file and column 2 is what I would like to change those strings to. File 2 (Reactions.txt) looks like this:

B10_c   L-Isoleucine biomass reaction   S_cpd00322[c]  -> S_B10[c]      0     0.00  1000.00   0.00

and what I want is an output that looks like this:

B10_c   L-Isoleucine biomass reaction   L-Isoleucine_c  -> L-Isoleucine-biomass_c       0     0.00  1000.00   0.00

I was trying to write a for loop using sed to replace each string:

for i in `cat Names.txt `; do cat Reactions.txt | grep -F `echo $i | cut -f1` | sed 's/`echo $i | cut -f1`/`echo $i | cut -f2`/' >>output.txt; done

Apart from the fact that this doesn't work because of the special characters in the Names.txt file and also because it replaces only one word on each line before writing the results to output.txt, both files are over 2000 lines long so this isn't a very efficient approach. I was thinking an array might be the way to go but far from certain about that. Not too fussy about the approach, just after a result!

Answer 1

You can use this awk :

awk 'FNR==NR {
    a[$1] = $2;
    next
} {
    for (i=1; i<=NF; i++)
       printf (($i in a)? a[$i] : $i) ((i<NF)? OFS : ORS)
}' Names.txt Reactions.txt

B10_c L-Isoleucine biomass reaction L-Isoleucine_c -> L-Isoleucine-biomass_c 0 0.00 1000.00 0.00