等待进程完成或用户输入

Question

I have a backgrounded process that I would like to wait for (in case it fails or dies), unless I receive user input. Said another way, the user input should interrupt my waiting.

Here's a simplified snippet of my code

#!/bin/bash
...

mplayer -noconsolecontrols "$media_url" &
sleep 10 # enough time for it to fail

ps -p $!
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then
    fallback
else
    read
    kill $!
fi

The line that I particularly dislike is sleep 10 , which is bad because it could be too much time, or not enough time.

Is there a way to wait $! || read wait $! || read wait $! || read or the equivalent?

Answer 1

Use kill -0 to validate that the process is still there and read with a timeout of 0 to test for user input. Something like this?

pid=$!
while kill -0 $pid; do
    read -t 0 && exit
    sleep 1
done

Answer 2

Original

ps -p to check the process. read -t 1 to wait for user input.

pid=$!
got_input=142
while ps -p $pid > /dev/null; do
    if read -t 1; then
        got_input=$?
        kill $pid
    fi
done

This allows for branching based whether the process died, or was killed due to user input.

---

All credit to gubblebozer. The only reason I'm posting this answer is the claim by moderators that my edits to his post constituted altering his intent.

Anti Race-Condition

First off, a race condition involving pids is (very likely) not a concern if you're fairly quick, because they're reused on a cycle .

Even so, I guess anything is possible... Here's some code that handles that possibility, without breaking your head on traps.

got_input=142

while true; do
    if read -t 1; then
        got_input=$?
        pkill --ns $$ name > /dev/null
        break
    elif ! pgrep --ns $$ name > /dev/null; then
        break
    fi
done

Now, we've accomplished our goal, while (probably) completely eliminating the race condition.

Answer 3

Any loop with a sleep or similar timeout in it, will introduce a race condition. It's better to actively wait for the process to die, or, in this case, to trap the signal that's sent when a child dies.

#!/bin/bash

set -o monitor
trap stop_process SIGCHLD
stop_process()
{
    echo sigchld received
    exit
}

# the background process: (this simulates a process that exits after 10 seconds)
sleep 10 &

procpid=$!
echo pid of process: $procpid

echo -n hit enter: 
read

# not reached when SIGCHLD is received
echo killing pid $procpid
kill $procpid

I'm not 100% sure this eliminates any race condition, but it's a lot closer than a sleep loop.

edit: the shorter, less verbose version

#!/bin/bash

set -o monitor
trap exit SIGCHLD

sleep 5 &

read -p "hit enter: "
kill $!

edit 2: setting the trap before starting the background process prevents another race condition in which the process would die before the trap was installed