迅速-比较符合协议的结构

Question

I have the following structs that represent a point or a line:

public struct Point{
    let x : Double
    let y : Double

    init (x : Double, y : Double)
    {
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
    }
}
extension Point : Equatable{}
    public func ==(lhs: Point, rhs: Point) -> Bool
    {
        return lhs.x == rhs.x && lhs.y == rhs.y
    }

And

public struct Line {
    let points : [Point]
    init(points : [Point])
    {
        self.points = points
    }
}

extension Line : Equatable {}
    public func ==(lhs: Line, rhs: Line) -> Bool
    {
        return lhs.points == rhs.points
    }

I want to be able to have a Shape protocol or struct that I can use to have Points and Lines and then I can compare between them. I tried to that with conforming protocol Shape but Swift compiler gives me an error when I want to compare a point with a line even though they are Shapes.

Do I have to move from struct to classes?
I think I may have to use generics but don't know exactly how to solve this issue. Thanks in advance for any guidance.

Edit1:

My approach to Shape protocol was really just trying stuff but nothing worked. I tried the following:

protocol MapShape : Equatable
{
      func == (lhs: MapShape, rhs: MapShape ) -> Bool
}

I also changed the code for the Equatable extension for lines given the suggestion

Answer 1

This topic is covered in the WWDC 2015 session video Protocol-Oriented Programming in Swift , and here is my attempt to apply that to your situation:

You define a protocol Shape and a protocol extension method isEqualTo: :

protocol Shape {
    func isEqualTo(other: Shape) -> Bool
}

extension Shape where Self : Equatable {
    func isEqualTo(other: Shape) -> Bool {
    if let o = other as? Self { return self == o }
    return false
    }
}

isEqualTo: checks if the other element is of the same type (and compares them with == in that case), and returns false if they are of different type.

All types which are Equatable automatically conform to Shape , so that we can just set

extension Point : Shape { }
extension Line : Shape { }

(Of course you can add other methods to Shape which should be implemented by all shape types.)

Now we can define == for shapes as

func ==(lhs: Shape, rhs: Shape) -> Bool {
        return lhs.isEqualTo(rhs)
}

and voilà, points and lines can be compared:

let p1 = Point(x: 1, y: 2)
let p2 = Point(x: 1, y: 3)
let l1 = Line(points: [p1, p2])
let l2 = Line(points: [p1, p2])

print(p1 == p2) // false
print(p1 == l1) // false
print(l1 == l2) // true

---

Remark: You have == for the Shape type now, but I haven't figured out yet to how make Shape conform to Equatable . Perhaps someone else can solve that part (if it is possible).

Answer 2

Please allow me to shorten and correct your code a bit:

struct Point : Equatable {
    let x : Double
    let y : Double
}

func ==(lhs: Point, rhs: Point) -> Bool {
    return lhs.x == rhs.x && lhs.y == rhs.y
}

struct Line : Equatable {
    let a : Point
    let b : Point
}

func ==(lhs: Line, rhs: Line) -> Bool {
    return lhs.a == rhs.a && lhs.b == rhs.b
}

I think I know now what you want:

protocol Shape : Equatable {

}


struct Polygon : Shape {
    let points : [Point]
}

func ==(lhs: Polygon, rhs: Polygon) -> Bool {
    return lhs.points == rhs.points
}



struct Circle : Shape {
    let center : Point
    let radius : Double
}

func ==(lhs: Circle, rhs: Circle) -> Bool {
    return lhs.center == rhs.center && lhs.radius == rhs.radius
}

Note: You have to implement == for every shape on its own, because every shape type has different properties

If you want every Shape to have a certain method, you can just add the requirement to the protocol:

protocol Shape : Equatable {
    func move(dx: Double, dy: Double) -> Self
}

and make every Shape conform to it:

struct Polygon : Shape {
    let points : [Point]

    func move(dx: Double, dy: Double) -> Polygon {
        return Polygon(points: points.map { Point(x: $0.x + dx, y: $0.y + dy) })
    }
}

struct Circle : Shape {
    let center : Point
    let radius : Double

    func move(dx: Double, dy: Double) -> Circle {
        return Circle(center: Point(x: center.x + dx, y: center.y + dy), radius: radius)
    }
}