使用sed / grep将数字包装成双引号

Question

I'm trying to wrap integers into quotes in a SQL file. The dumped SQL contains an integer column that I would like to convert to string, since it truncates the leading zero for zip codes.

How do I know the zero has been truncated? All zip codes should be 5 characters. The ones that have 4 have the leading zero truncated. For example:

INSERT INTO cities VALUES(21919,'MD','Maryland','Earleville',39.427105,-75.94031);
INSERT INTO cities VALUES(21921,'MD','Maryland','Elkton',39.626434,-75.84584);
INSERT INTO cities VALUES(1001,'MA','Massachusetts','Agawam',42.070206,-72.622739);
INSERT INTO cities VALUES(1002,'MA','Massachusetts','Cushman',42.377017,-72.51565);

Wanted result:

INSERT INTO cities VALUES('21919','MD','Maryland','Earleville',39.427105,-75.94031);
INSERT INTO cities VALUES('21921','MD','Maryland','Elkton',39.626434,-75.84584);
INSERT INTO cities VALUES('01001','MA','Massachusetts','Agawam',42.070206,-72.622739);
INSERT INTO cities VALUES('01002','MA','Massachusetts','Cushman',42.377017,-72.51565);

The first two should simply be wrapped. The other two should have the leading zero added.

Two requirements:

1. Wrap all zip code values into strings
2. Add the leading zero to 4 digit ones.

I was able to get all the 4 digit ones using

grep "([[:digit:]]\{4\}," cities.sql

Or the pattern

\([0-9]{4},

but I'm not sure how to either wrap the values into quotes, nor to add the leading zero using sed.

Answer 1

Does it have to be sed? If you can use awk, you could do:

cat cities.sql | awk -F'[,(]' '{printf "%s('\''%05d'\'',%s,%s,%s,%s,%s\n", $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7 }'

Answer 2

Using gnu-awk it is pretty simple:

awk 'match($0, /^(.+?)(\<[0-9]{4,5})(,.+)$/, a) { 
       printf "%s\047%05d\047%s\n", a[1], a[2], a[3] }' file
INSERT INTO cities VALUES('21919','MD','Maryland','Earleville',39.427105,-75.94031);
INSERT INTO cities VALUES('21921','MD','Maryland','Elkton',39.626434,-75.84584);
INSERT INTO cities VALUES('01001','MA','Massachusetts','Agawam',42.070206,-72.622739);
INSERT INTO cities VALUES('01002','MA','Massachusetts','Cushman',42.377017,-72.51565);

Answer 3

You could do it one after the other: First, add the leading zero, then wrap with single quotes:

cat cities.sql \
    | sed -e "s/(\([0-9]\{4\}\)/(0\1/" \
    | sed -e "s/(\([0-9]\{5\}\)/(\'\1\'/" \
    > cities2.sql

As you can see, I used the fact that the integers are always preceded by a "(" so that the other numbers are not affected. If this is not always the case, you need to adapt the regex accordingly.

In order to wrap something you can use by wrapping the bits you want to extract into \\( ... \\), then you can reference it chronologically in your replace string with \\1, \\2 etc.

Best regards, smuecke