每个线程的局部静态变量

Question

Lets say I have a class that after initialization creates a thread and runs a method in it, within it declares a static variable:

void method()
{
     static int var = 0;
     var++;
}

If I create more objects of the class, for example 3, then the method will be called 3 times in 3 different threads. After that var will equal 3. How to accomplish the functionality, where each thread has its own static var that is independent of others. I would appreciate all help.

Answer 1

You can use the thread_local keyword which indicates that the object has a thread storage duration. You can use it like that :

static thread_local int V;

If you want more information about storage class specifiers, you can check CppReference .

Answer 2

This is what the thread_local storage class specifier is for:

void method()
{
     thread_local int var = 0;
     var++;
}

This means that each thread will have its own version of var which will be initialized on the first run through that function and destroyed on thread exit.

Answer 3

You said, in a comment:

I do want a variable that is specific for each instance of a class

That's precisely what an instance variable is (aka a per-instance member).

static members and function local variables are not specific to each instance of a class! They are either completely global (one instance per entire executable), or are per-thread if you use C++11 and declare them thread_local .

You absolutely need a member variable. That's the only way to guarantee that the variable will be specific for each instance of the class.

You might argue that you create a dedicated thread per each instance of the class. First of all, it's likely that you shouldn't be doing that. Secondly, if you ever change your mind, and stop creating a per-class thread and, say, use a thread pool instead, your code will instantly break.

So, the proper and straightforward thing is to have it as an instance variable (as opposed to a class variable):

// OK - instance variable
class C { int var; };

// WRONG - class variable and lookalikes
class C { static int var; };
class C { void foo() { static int var; } };

// WRONG - thread variable, but **not** instance variable
class C { static thread_local int var; };
class C { void foo() { static thread_local int var; } };

If you want, you can indicate your intent by including the method's name in the variable name:

class C {
  int foo_var;
  C() : foo_var(0) {}
  void foo() { ... }
};

Finally, if you're OK with a bit more typing, you can use a member wrapper to enforce the scope it's used in:

#include <utility>
#include <cassert>

template <typename T, typename Member, Member member>
class ScopedMember {
   T data;
public:
   explicit ScopedMember(const T & d) : data(d) {}
   explicit ScopedMember(T && d) : data(std::move(d)) {}
   ScopedMember() {}
   template <Member m, void(*)(char[member == m ? 1 : -1]) = (void(*)(char[1]))0>
   T & use() { return data; }
   template <Member m, void(*)(char[member == m ? 1 : -1]) = (void(*)(char[1]))0>
   const T & use() const { return data; }
};

class C {
public:
   C() : m_foo(-1) {}
   void granted() {
      auto & foo = m_foo.use<&C::granted>();
      foo = 5;
      assert(m_foo.use<&C::granted>() == 5);
   }
   void rejected() {
#if 0
      // Won't compile
      auto & foo = m_foo.use<&C::rejected>();
#endif
   }
private:
   ScopedMember<int, void(C::*)(), &C::granted> m_foo;
};

int main()
{
   C().granted();
   return 0;
}

Answer 4

Well, if you want a variable to be different from thread to thread, that variable should not be static. It's looses the point of a static variable, which is, by definition, a variable that:

1. It's shared by all objects of that class.
2. It does not need an class instance (object) to be accessed.

The question you're asking it's not a "coding problem", but an architectural one. I don't know what kind of system/app you're developing, maybe you need to approach your problem in a different way.

Ask yourself this questions:

• Why do I need threads?
• Why do I need this variable to be static?
• What information do I need to share between threads and what information I don't want to share?

If you are more specific, maybe I can give you a more specific answer/approach.