如何告诉python使用哪个版本的libmysqlclient.so？

Question

I'm running a python script on a shared hosting server which until this morning had MySQL version 4. Now it has version 5. My python script can no longer connect to MySQL, as it can't find libmysqlclient_r.so.14:

$ python my_script.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "my_script.py", line 6, in ?
import MySQLdb
 File "/home/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PIL-1.1.6-py2.4-linux-i686.egg/__init__.py", line 19, in ?

 File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/_mysql.py", line 7, in ?
 File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/_mysql.py", line 6, in __bootstrap__
ImportError: libmysqlclient_r.so.14: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

There are various other versions of libmysqlclient in /usr/lib:

/usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so.15
/usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so.14
/usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.la
/usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.so
/usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.so
/usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a
/usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.la
/usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.a
/usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so
/usr/lib/libmysqlclient_r.so
/usr/lib/libmysqlclient_r.so.15
/usr/lib/libmysqlclient_r.so.15.0.0
/usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so.15.0.0

So my question is this: how can I tell python (version 2.4.3) which version of libmysqlclient to use?

Answer 1

You can't tell the dynamic linker which version of a library to use, because the SONAME (full name of the library + interface) is part of the binary.

In your case, you can try to upload libmysqlclient_r.so.14 to the host and set LD_LIBRARY_PATH accordingly, so tell the dynamic linker which directories to search additionally to the system dirs when resolving shared objects.

You can use ldd to see if it LD_LIBRARY_PATH works:

$ ldd $path_to/_mysql.so
...
libmysqlclient_r.so.14 => $path_to_lib/libmysqlclient_r.so.14
...

Otherwise, there will be an error message about unresolved shared objects.

Of course that can only be a temporary fix until you rebuild MySQLdb to use the new libraries.

Answer 2

You will have to recompile python-mysql (aka MySQLdb) to get it to link to the new version of libmysqlclient.

If your host originally set up the environment rather than you compiling it, you'll have to pester them.

/usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so.14

This looks like a remnant of the old libmysqlclient, and should be removed. The _r and .a (static) versions are gone and you don't really want a mixture of libraries still around, it will only risk confusing automake.

Whilst you could make a symbolic link from libmysqlclient_r.so.14 to .15, that'd only work if the new version of the client happened to have the same ABI for the functions you wanted to use as the old - and that's pretty unlikely, as that's the whole point of changing the version number.

Answer 3

一种解决方案是将PYTHONPATH环境变量设置为具有某些本地目录，然后复制（或链接，我想是）您想要的mysql lib的版本。