从 JavasScript ECMAScript 6 中的 class 名称创建 object

Question

I want create object factory using ES6 but old-style syntax doesn't work with new.

I have next code:

export class Column {}
export class Sequence {}
export class Checkbox {}

export class ColumnFactory {
    constructor() {
        this.specColumn = {
            __default: 'Column',
            __sequence: 'Sequence',
            __checkbox: 'Checkbox'
        };
    }

    create(name) {
        let className = this.specColumn[name] ? this.specColumn[name] : this.specColumn['__default'];
        return new window[className](name); // this line throw error
    }
}

let factory = new ColumnFactory();
let column = factory.create('userName');

What do I do wrong?

Answer 1

Don't put class names on that object. Put the classes themselves there, so that you don't have to rely on them being global and accessible (in browsers) through window .

Btw, there's no good reason to make this factory a class, you would probably only instantiate it once (singleton). Just make it an object:

export class Column {}
export class Sequence {}
export class Checkbox {}

export const columnFactory = {
    specColumn: {
        __default: Column,    // <--
        __sequence: Sequence, // <--
        __checkbox: Checkbox  // <--
    },
    create(name, ...args) {
        let cls = this.specColumn[name] || this.specColumn.__default;
        return new cls(...args);
    }
};

Answer 2

There is a small & dirty way to do that:

function createClassByName(name,...a) {
    var c = eval(name);
    return new c(...a);
}

You can now create a class like that:

let c = createClassByName( 'Person', x, y );

Answer 3

The problem is that the classes are not properties of the window object. You can have an object with properties "pointing" to your classes instead:

class Column {}
class Sequence {}
class Checkbox {}
let classes = {
  Column,
  Sequence,
  Checkbox 
}

class ColumnFactory {
    constructor() {
        this.specColumn = {
            __default: 'Column',
            __sequence: 'Sequence',
            __checkbox: 'Checkbox'
        };
    }

    create(name) {
        let className = this.specColumn[name] ? this.specColumn[name] : this.specColumn['__default'];
        return new classes[className](name); // this line no longer throw error
    }
}

let factory = new ColumnFactory();
let column = factory.create('userName');

export {ColumnFactory, Column, Sequence, Checkbox};

Answer 4

Clarification
There are similar questions to this, including this SO question that was closed, that are looking for proxy classes or factory functions in JavaScript; also called dynamic classes. This answer is a modern solution in case you landed on this answer looking for any of those things.

Answer / Solution
As of 2022 I think there is a more elegant solution for use in the browser. I made a class called Classes that self-registers the property Class (uppercase C) on the window; code below examples.

Now you can have classes that you want to be able to reference dynamically register themselves globally:

// Make a class:
class Handler {
    handleIt() {
        // Handling it...
    }
}

// Have it register itself globally:
Class.add(Handler);

// OR if you want to be a little more clear:
window.Class.add(Handler);

Then later on in your code all you need is the name of the class you would like to get its original reference:

// Get class
const handler = Class.get('Handler');

// Instantiate class for use
const muscleMan = new (handler)();

Or, even easier, just instantiate it right away:

// Directly instantiate class for use
const muscleMan = Class.new('Handler', ...args);

Code
You can see the latest code on my gist . Add this script before all other scripts and all of your classes will be able to register with it.

/**
 * Adds a global constant class that ES6 classes can register themselves with.
 * This is useful for referencing dynamically named classes and instances
 * where you may need to instantiate different extended classes.
 *
 * NOTE: This script should be called as soon as possible, preferably before all
 * other scripts on a page.
 *
 * @class Classes
 */
class Classes {

    #classes = {};

    constructor() {
        /**
         * JavaScript Class' natively return themselves, we can take advantage
         * of this to prevent duplicate setup calls from overwriting the global
         * reference to this class.
         *
         * We need to do this since we are explicitly trying to keep a global
         * reference on window. If we did not do this a developer could accidentally
         * assign to window.Class again overwriting any classes previously registered.
         */
        if (window.Class) {
            // eslint-disable-next-line no-constructor-return
            return window.Class;
        }
        // eslint-disable-next-line no-constructor-return
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Add a class to the global constant.
     *
     * @method
     * @param {Class} ref The class to add.
     * @return {boolean} True if ths class was successfully registered.
     */
    add(ref) {
        if (typeof ref !== 'function') {
            return false;
        }
        this.#classes[ref.prototype.constructor.name] = ref;
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a class exists by name.
     *
     * @method
     * @param {string} name The name of the class you would like to check.
     * @return {boolean} True if this class exists, false otherwise.
     */
    exists(name) {
        if (this.#classes[name]) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve a class by name.
     *
     * @method
     * @param {string} name The name of the class you would like to retrieve.
     * @return {Class|undefined} The class asked for or undefined if it was not found.
     */
    get(name) {
        return this.#classes[name];
    }

    /**
     * Instantiate a new instance of a class by reference or name.
     *
     * @method
     * @param {Class|name} name A reference to the class or the classes name.
     * @param  {...any} args Any arguments to pass to the classes constructor.
     * @returns A new instance of the class otherwise an error is thrown.
     * @throws {ReferenceError} If the class is not defined.
     */
    new(name, ...args) {
        // In case the dev passed the actual class reference.
        if (typeof name === 'function') {
            // eslint-disable-next-line new-cap
            return new (name)(...args);
        }
        if (this.exists(name)) {
            return new (this.#classes[name])(...args);
        }
        throw new ReferenceError(`${name} is not defined`);
    }

    /**
     * An alias for the add method.
     *
     * @method
     * @alias Classes.add
     */
    register(ref) {
        return this.add(ref);
    }

}

/**
 * Insure that Classes is available in the global scope as Class so other classes
 * that wish to take advantage of Classes can rely on it being present.
 *
 * NOTE: This does not violate https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_reserved.asp
 */
const Class = new Classes();
window.Class = Class;

Answer 5

For those of you that are not using ES6 and want to know how you can create classes by using a string here is what I have done to get this to work.

"use strict";

class Person {
    constructor(x, y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }
}
window.classes = {};
window.classes.Person = Person;

document.body.innerText = JSON.stringify(new window.classes["Person"](1, 2));

As you can see the easiest way to do this is to add the class to an object.

Here is the fiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/zxg7dsng/1/

Here is an example project that uses this approach: https://github.com/pdxjohnny/dist-rts-client-web

Answer 6

I prefer this method:

allThemClasses.js

export class A {}
export class B {}
export class C {}

script.js

import * as Classes from './allThemClasses';

const a = new Classes['A'];
const b = new Classes['B'];
const c = new Classes['C'];

Answer 7

I know this is an old post, but recently I've had the same question about how to instance a class dynamically

I'm using webpack so following the documentation there is a way to load a module dynamically using the import() function

js/classes/MyClass.js

class MyClass {
    test = null;
    constructor(param) {
        console.log(param)
        this.test = param;
    }
}

js/app.js

var p = "example";
var className = "MyClass";

import('./classes/'+className).then(function(mod) {
    let myClass = new mod[className](p);
    console.log(myClass);
}, function(failMsg) {
    console.error("Fail to load class"+className);
    console.error(failMsg);
});

Beware: this method is asynchronous and I can't really tell the performance cost for it , But it works perfectly on my simple program (worth a try ^^)

Ps : To be fare I'm new to Es6 (a couple of days) I'm more a C++ / PHP / Java developer.

I hope this helps anyone that come across this question and that is it not a bad practice ^^".

Answer 8

This is an old question but I think there are 3 main approaches that are very clever and useful:

1. The Ugly

We can use eval to instantiate our class like this:

 class Column { constructor(c) { this.c = c console.log(`Column with ${this.c}`); } } function instantiator(name,...params) { const c = eval(name) return new c(...params) } const name = 'Column'; const column = instantiator(name, 'box') console.log({column})

However, eval has a big caveat, if we don't sanitize and we don't add some layers of security then we will have a big security whole that can be expose.

2. The Good

If we know the classes that we will use then we can create a lookup table like this:

 class Column { constructor(c) { console.log(`Column with ${c}`) } } class Sequence { constructor(a, b) { console.log(`Sequence with ${a} and ${b}`) } } class Checkbox { constructor(c) { console.log(`Checkbox with ${c}`) } } // construct dict object that contains our mapping between strings and classes const classMap = new Map([ ['Column', Column], ['Sequence', Sequence], ['Checkbox', Checkbox], ]) function instantiator(name,...p) { return new(classMap.get(name))(...p) } // make a class from a string let object = instantiator('Column', 'box') object = instantiator('Sequence', 'box', 'index') object = instantiator('Checkbox', 'box')

3. The Pattern

Finally, we can just create a Factory class that will safety handle the allowed classes and throw an error if it can load it.

 class Column { constructor(c) { console.log(`Column with ${c}`) } } class Sequence { constructor(a, b) { console.log(`Sequence with ${a} and ${b}`) } } class Checkbox { constructor(c) { console.log(`Checkbox with ${c}`) } } class ClassFactory { static class(name) { switch (name) { case 'Column': return Column case 'Sequence': return Sequence case 'Checkbox': return Checkbox default: throw new Error(`Could not instantiate ${name}`); } } static instantiator(name,...p) { return new(ClassFactory.class(name))(...p) } } // make a class from a string let object object = ClassFactory.instantiator('Column', 'box') object = ClassFactory.instantiator('Sequence', 'box', 'index') object = ClassFactory.instantiator('Checkbox', 'box')

I recommend The Good method. It is is clean and safe. Also, it should be better than using global or window object:

• class definitions in ES6 are not automatically put on the global object like they would with other top level variable declarations (JavaScript trying to avoid adding more junk on top of prior design mistakes).

• Therefore we will not pollute the global object because we are using a local classMap object used for lookup the required class .